The Last Comanche Chief: The Life and Times of Quanah Parker.

Recognizing Typology in Historical Native American Leadership: Implications for Contemporary Praxes

“…For Quanah, history dealt him with a wholly unique set of circumstances. He was mixed-blooded, and through tragedy (Gelo, 1998) Some, thought his mixedbloodedness carried weight with white society. He lived at the cusp of industrialization.…”

The Crucible of American Indian Identity: Native Tradition versus Colonial Imposition in Postconquest North America

“…After consummation of the U.S. conquest of the Southern Plains during the mid-1870s-the Quahadis were last to lay down their arms-Quannah shifted to a position of political leadership, a role which included introduction of the peyote religion, charting the Comanche course through the perilous waters of the early reservation period and on into the twentieth century. 40 Among the Cheyenne were the brothers George, Robert, and Charlie Bent, sons of William Bent, a noted white trader, and his Cheyenne wife. While each struggled for their people's rights in his own way-George, for instance, fought briefly against the white invaders and testified on three separate occasions against perpetrators of the Colorado militia's infamous 1864 massacre of noncombatant Cheyennes and Arapahos at Sand Creek-Charlie is the better example (or at least the most reviled among mainstream commentators).41 Accepted into the Cheyenne elite Crazy Dog Society (or Dog Soldiers), he acquired an almost legendary status because of his courage in physically defending his homeland.…”