The large and destructive 1669 AD eruption at Etna volcano: reconstruction of the lava flow field evolution and effusion rate trend

Branca, Stefano; Beni, Emanuela De; Proietti, Cristina

doi:10.1007/s00445-013-0694-5

Cited by 39 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…Temporal evolution of the average magma discharge rate of the 1928 event shows a similar trend, not only for those reconstructed for the 1669, 1981 and 2001 eruptions (Branca et al, 2013;Coltelli et al 2007Coltelli et al , 2012, but also for those obtained from satellite data for the , 1986-87, 1991-93, 2002-03 and 2008-09 eruptions (Harris et al 2011. In fact, during these eruptions, ∼50 % of the total volume is usually erupted in the first 25 % of the total eruption time, and this pattern of exponentially decreasing effusion rate over time is often found during basaltic flank eruptions (Wadge, 1981).…”

mentioning

confidence: 64%

“…from 1789 to 1923-Chester et al, 2012 and earlier (Chester et al , 2005;Sangster et al, 2015); and the 1669 eruption which was both the largest historical event and the most destructive, wiping out or damaging many towns and villages on the volcano's south eastern flank, and also impacting the city of Catania with a lava flow field ca.17 km long and with a lava volume of ca. 600 x 10 6 m 3 (Branca et al, 2013 and.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This large difference of 24 % reflects uncertainties over thicknesses, because previous studies did not use field measurements and assumed a single estimated value for the mean thickness of the whole lava field. Such an assumption has also affected previous estimates of the volume of Etna's 1669 flow field (Branca et al, 2013).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, the 1928 eruption is characterized by a high maximum estimated effusion rate of 374 m 3 s -1 (Fig. 6), that is higher than those of the recent Etna flank eruptions which have occurred from 1983 (< 60 m 3 s -1 , see Coltelli et al, 2012) but is only about half those of that of the major historic events such as 1669 and 1981 (∼640 m 3 s -1 , Branca et al, 2013. The trend in discharge rate during the 1928 eruption is reflective of the flow lengthening trend that has been reconstructed for the LF (Fig.…”

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confidence: 90%

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The 1928 eruption of Mount Etna (Italy): Reconstructing lava flow evolution and the destruction and recovery of the town of Mascali

Branca

Beni

Chester

et al. 2017

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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Mount Etna in Sicily (Italy) shows more than 2,500 years of interactions between volcanic eruptions and human activity, and these are well documented in historical sources. During the last 400 years, flank eruptions have had major impacts on the urban fabric of the Etna region, especially in 1651-54, 1669, 1923 and 1928, and it is the last of these which is the focus of this paper. In this paper a detailed field and historical reconstruction of the 1928 eruption is presented which allows three ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Mussolini and the fascist party. The State response both, during and in the immediate aftermath of the eruption and in the years that followed during which Mascali was reconstructed, was impressive. This masked a less benign legacy, however, that can be traced for several subsequent decades of using responses to natural catastrophes to manufacture State prestige by reacting to, rather than planning for, disasters. A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T

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confidence: 64%

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 90%

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The 1928 eruption of Mount Etna (Italy): Reconstructing lava flow evolution and the destruction and recovery of the town of Mascali

Branca

Beni

Chester

et al. 2017

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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“…Branca et al 2013); geophysical monitoring of Etna and increasing public awareness. From 1999 the International Institute of Volcanology became a section of the Instituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, its website is available in Italian and English (http://www.ct.ingv.it/en/) and, as in the Azores, there is a strong emphasis on international publishing and attendance at academic conferences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Communicating Information on Eruptions and Their Impacts from the Earliest Times Until the Late Twentieth Century

Chester

Duncan

Coutinho

et al. 2017

Advances in Volcanology

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Volcanoes hold a fascination for human beings and, before they were recorded by literate observers, eruptions were portrayed in art, were recalled in legend and became incorporated into religious practices: being viewed as agents of punishment, bounty or intimidation depending upon their state of activity and the culture involved. In the Middle East the earliest record dates from the third millennium BCE and knowledge of volcanoes increased progressively over time. In the first century CE written records noted nine volcanoes in the Mediterranean region plus Mount Cameroon in West Africa, yet by 1380 AD the record only totalled 48, with volcanoes in Japan, Indonesia and Iceland being added. After this the list of continued to increase, but important regions such as New Zealand and Hawaii were only added during the last 200 years. Only from 1900 did the rate of growth decline significantly, but it is sobering to recall that in the twentieth century major eruptions have occurred from volcanoes that were considered inactive or extinct, examples including: Mount Lamington-Papua New Guinea, 1951; Mount Arenal-Costa Rica, 1968 and Nyos-Cameroon, 1986. Although there were instances where the human impact of historical eruptions were studied in detail, with

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The Influence of Plumbing System Structure on Volcano Dimensions and Topography

2017

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Volcano morphology has been traditionally studied from a descriptive point of view, but in this work we took a different more quantitative perspective. Here we used volcano dimensions such as height and basal radius, together with the topographic profile as indicators of key plumbing system properties. We started by coupling models for the ascent of magma and extrusion of lava flows with those for volcano edifice construction. We modeled volcanic edifices as a pile of lavas that are emitted from a single vent and reduce in volume with time. We then selected a number of arc‐volcano examples to test our physical relationships and estimate parameters, which were compared with independent methods. Our results indicate that large volcanoes (>2,000 m height and base radius >10 km) usually are basaltic systems with overpressured sources located at more than 15 km depth. On the other hand, smaller volcanoes (<2,000 m height and basal radius <10 km) are associated with more evolved systems where the chambers feeding eruptions are located at shallower levels in the crust (<10 km). We find that surface observations on height and basal radius of a volcano and its lavas can give estimates of fundamental properties of the plumbing system, specifically the depth and size of the magma chamber feeding eruptions, as the structure of the magmatic system determines the morphology of the volcanic edifice.

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The large and destructive 1669 AD eruption at Etna volcano: reconstruction of the lava flow field evolution and effusion rate trend

Cited by 39 publications

References 35 publications

The 1928 eruption of Mount Etna (Italy): Reconstructing lava flow evolution and the destruction and recovery of the town of Mascali

The 1928 eruption of Mount Etna (Italy): Reconstructing lava flow evolution and the destruction and recovery of the town of Mascali

Communicating Information on Eruptions and Their Impacts from the Earliest Times Until the Late Twentieth Century

The Influence of Plumbing System Structure on Volcano Dimensions and Topography

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