The Langerhans Cell*

Zelickson, Alvin S.

doi:10.1038/jid.1965.35

Cited by 145 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…To this end, we determined the proportion of iiLC containing IE1/IE2 ϩ or UL44 ϩ polylobulated nuclei after infection with AD169varATCC, a pentamernegative strain unable to infect endothelial cells. Polylobulated nuclei are a typical feature of LC but not of endothelial cells (44), while UL44, the processivity factor of the viral polymerase, accumulates at the sites of active viral DNA replication. We found that approximately 25% Ϯ 6% of iiLC contained polylobulated nuclei at day two postinfection (Table 2).…”

Section: Tb40-bac4 and Ad169varatcc Genomes Are Maintained At Low Levmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection in CD34⁺Hematopoietic Cells and Derived Langerhans-Type Dendritic Cells

Coronel¹,

Takayama²,

Juwono³

et al. 2015

J Virol

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Acquisition of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) usually occurs by contact between contaminated bodily fluids, such as urine and saliva, and host mucosal cells. Langerhans-type dendritic cells (LC) are the only type of immune cells found in the outermost layers of the oral mucosae, where they not only provide a first line of defense against CMV but can easily be targeted by orally administered vaccines, while their bone marrow resident progenitors are important sites of virus latency. In this work, we tracked the progress of infection in CD34 ؉ progenitor cells, immature LC (iLC), and mature LC (mLC) exposed to the clinicallike strain TB40-BAC4 or to the vaccine strain AD169varATCC, prior to their long-term maintenance under either immature or mature conditions. We show that the genomes of both strains are efficiently maintained in CD34؉ cells during their differentiation into iLC, although this requires the presence of larger amounts of input AD169varATCC DNA. Lipopolysaccharide-and CD40 ligand-induced maturation of iLC derived from latently infected progenitors was not associated with robust viral genome replication and progeny production, while maturation of directly infected iLC increased and prolonged expression of the viral immediate early proteins. While effective replication of viral genomes from both strains occurred only in mLC, both iLC and mLC produced viral progeny, suggesting that both types of LC may contribute to CMV horizontal transmission in vivo. H uman cytomegalovirus (CMV), a major cause of disease and death in immunocompromised and in congenitally infected individuals, is normally acquired by contact between infected bodily fluids such as urine and saliva and host mucosal surfaces, particularly those lining the oral and nasal cavities. IMPORTANCE Human CMV is usually acquired via the oral and nasal mucosae. Langerhans-type dendritic cells (LC) are the only type of immune cells found in the outermost layers of these tissues. Understanding how CMV interacts with LC and their hematopoietic progenitors is thus essential to develop innovative means of defense against this virus. Here we show that the genomes of a viru-From these peripheral sites, CMV is thought to reach the circulation and hence the bone marrow, where latency is established in myeloid cells, including CD34 ϩ hematopoietic progenitors (1-5). Reactivation from latency in the myeloid progeny of these cells is then believed to be the source of newly produced viral particles, which upon amplification in oral epithelial cells are released in the saliva and contribute to CMV horizontal transmission in vivo (6-8).Immature Langerhans-type dendritic cells (iLC) are the only professional antigen-presenting cells located in the outermost layers of the oral mucosa (9-14). As such, iLC are bound to be the first immune cells to encounter invading pathogens that access their hosts via the oral cavity, such as CMV. Upon contact with "danger" signals, iLC migrate toward the draining lymph nodes and begin the process of maturation, which culmina...

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Section: Tb40-bac4 and Ad169varatcc Genomes Are Maintained At Low Levmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection in CD34⁺Hematopoietic Cells and Derived Langerhans-Type Dendritic Cells

Coronel¹,

Takayama²,

Juwono³

et al. 2015

J Virol

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“…The esterase activity of the Langerhans cell suggests active metabolism and its ultrastructural appearance indicates that it is engaged in protein metabolism (Breathnach et al 1963;Breathnach 1964;Zelickson 1965). In cattle skin, as has been reported in other species, there is a close association between dendritic cell pattern, keratin production, and pigment formation, and it is possible that the role of the Langerhans cell as in tissue cultures is an organizational one.…”

Section: (E) Experimental Treatment (I) Effect Of Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 78%

The Melanocyte System of Cattle Skin I. Amelanotic Dendritic Cells of Epidermis

Schleger¹,

Bean²

1973

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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The amelanotic dendritic cells of cattle skin have been studied using the histochemical reactions for non-specific alkaline phosphatase and specific cholinesterase. These epidermal cells in cattle skin show no reaction for adenosine triphosphatase. Their distribution throughout the epidermis, hair follicle sheath, and glandular epithelia has been compared with that reported for other species.The difference between animals in pattern of amelanotic dendritic cells may be expressed as a score depending on number and size of cells and the length of the dendritic processes. This score has a good repeatability and heritability.The dendritic score varies inversely with the plane of nutrition. The cells are unaffected when the epidermis is depigmented with hydroquinone. On the other hand they virtually disappear when pigmentation is increased by the joint application of progesterone and oestrogen.The complexity of the amelanotic dendritic cell pattern of cattle skin varies inversely with (1) keratinocyte activity as expressed in hair growth phase or coat type, a reflection of follicle activity; and (2) the production of melanin which might vary between different hair growth phases, between different body regions of the one animal, between animals subject to the same treatment, between different levels of nutrition, or in response to topically applied hormones.

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“…4). ~Ihere seems to be agreement that Langerhans cells can synthesize phagocytic vacuoles (3,4), but the presence of engulfed melanosomes within these organelles has not been previously noted in the normal skin. The present finding that all melanosomes in Langerhans cells are within vacuoles structurally corresponding to lysosomes and do not show developmental stages seems to rule out active synthesis of melanosomes in these cells at the time of observation after stripping.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…~fhey have been considered effete melanocytes (1, 2), postmelanin-synthetic cells (3), melanocyte precursors (4), intraepidermal nerve endings (5,6), or postdivisional stages of previously melanogenic melanocytes (7). Under the electron microscope, melanocytes and Langerhans cells are distinguished by highly characteristic cytoplasmic organelles: melanosomes in the melanocytes, and disc-shaped bodies in the Langerhans cells.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Melanosomes in Phagocytic Vacuoles in Langerhans Cells

Mishima

1966

The Journal of Cell Biology

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The Langerhans Cell*

Cited by 145 publications

References 9 publications

Dynamics of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection in CD34⁺Hematopoietic Cells and Derived Langerhans-Type Dendritic Cells

Dynamics of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection in CD34⁺Hematopoietic Cells and Derived Langerhans-Type Dendritic Cells

The Melanocyte System of Cattle Skin I. Amelanotic Dendritic Cells of Epidermis

Melanosomes in Phagocytic Vacuoles in Langerhans Cells

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The Langerhans Cell*

Cited by 145 publications

References 9 publications

Dynamics of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection in CD34+Hematopoietic Cells and Derived Langerhans-Type Dendritic Cells

Dynamics of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection in CD34+Hematopoietic Cells and Derived Langerhans-Type Dendritic Cells

The Melanocyte System of Cattle Skin I. Amelanotic Dendritic Cells of Epidermis

Melanosomes in Phagocytic Vacuoles in Langerhans Cells

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Dynamics of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection in CD34⁺Hematopoietic Cells and Derived Langerhans-Type Dendritic Cells

Dynamics of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection in CD34⁺Hematopoietic Cells and Derived Langerhans-Type Dendritic Cells