The Lake Tanganyika cichlid species assemblage: recent advances in molecular phylogenetics

Koblmüller, Stephan; Sefc, Kristina M.; Sturmbauer, Christian

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9582-5_1

Cited by 60 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…15 myr, the Cyprideis flock would be considerably older than most cichlids with an age of 5-6 myr (e.g. Danley & Kocher, 2001;Salzburger et al, 2002;Brandstätter et al, 2005;Duftner et al, 2005;Koblmüller et al, 2005; but see Koblmüller et al (2008) and Genner et al (2007) on a recent discussion of the age of the primary Tanganyikan cichlid radiation which might now be put back as far as 20 myr) and crabs (Marijnissen et al, 2006), for which ca. 3 myr were estimated.…”

Section: Age Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…for Lake Baikal (LB): Karabanov et al, 2004;Sherstyankin & Kuimova, 2006, for LT: Cohen et al, 1993, 1997Lezzar et al, 1996;Nicholson, 1999;Scholz et al, 2003). Molecular research on evolution and speciation of ancient lake taxa has mainly focused on cichlid fish (see Seehausen, 2006, andKoblmüller et al, 2008, for more recent reviews on cichlids), although molecular analyses on invertebrates such as crabs (Marijnissen et al, 2006(Marijnissen et al, , 2008, snails (West & Michel, 2000;Wilson et al, 2004;Albrecht et al, 2006Albrecht et al, , 2008Hauswald et al, 2008;Schultheiß et al, 2008), sponges (Schröder et al, 2002) and amphipods (Macdonald et al, 2005) have meanwhile also been published.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular analyses of ostracod flocks from Lake Baikal and Lake Tanganyika

Schön

Martens

2011

Hydrobiologia

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Ancient lakes are excellent laboratories for evolutionary research, where species can be studied in the cradle where they originated. In this article, we investigate two endemic ostracod species flocks from the two oldest lakes in the world, Lake Baikal (LB) (ca. 28 myr) and Lake Tanganyika (LT) (ca. 12 myr), with DNA sequence data. Nuclear ITS1 failed to resolve the phylogeny of both flocks. Whilst most phylogenetic relationships of the Tanganyika flock are resolved with mitochondrial COI, the Baikalian tree contains multifurications of up to seven different clades. The Tanganyikan Cyprideis flock shows higher genetic variability, which matches its higher morphological variability. A significant deviation from a constant divergence rate through time indicates that the Cytherissa flock most likely experienced explosive speciation events during its earlier history. Comparative analyses of substitution rates furthermore revealed that they are not clock-wise for COI. Ancestral Cytherissa probably radiated in LB 5-8 myr ago, around the time when the cold, oxygenated abyss was formed in LB. The Tanganyikan Cyprideis flock is almost twice as old as the Baikalian Cytherissa flock, and possibly older than LT itself, ca. 15 myr. The Cyprideis flock has survived drastic lake level changes and resulting salinity crises during its entire history.

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Section: Age Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular analyses of ostracod flocks from Lake Baikal and Lake Tanganyika

Schön

Martens

2011

Hydrobiologia

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“…The old age of the ecosystem translates into a highly complex organismic community with a high degree of endemism, great levels of ecological, morphological, and behavioral specialization. Lake Tanganyika harbors an impressive cichlid fish fauna, counting 200 valid species plus several more awaiting scientific description (Snoeks, 2000;Koblmüller et al, 2008). They are currently classified into 12 (Poll, 1986), or alternatively 16 (Takahashi, 2003), tribes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abundance, distribution, and territory areas of rock-dwelling Lake Tanganyika cichlid fish species

et al. 2008

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Lake Tanganyika, the second-oldest and second-deepest lake in the world, harbors an impressive cichlid fish fauna counting about 250 endemic species that are characterized by a great level of ecological, morphological, and behavioral specialization. This study describes and compares cichlid fish communities at two rocky shores with differential human impact in the south of Lake Tanganyika. Species inventories and depth-dependent abundances were elaborated. About 41 and 46 sympatric cichlid species were recorded in the two study sites, respectively. Variabilichromis moorii was the most abundant species (29-60% of total number of fishes), followed by Aulonocranus dewindti (3-19%), Tropheus moorii (12%), Ophthalmotilapia ventralis (4-10%), Eretmodus cyanostictus (6-11%), and Cyathopharynx furcifer (0.01-9%). All other species had abundances below 5%. It further emerged that large cichlids such as Petrochromis species, Cyathopharynx furcifer, and Lobochilotes labiatus were very rare at one location, with frequencies of 0.55% or less. Territorial sizes of three particularly abundant species, Variabilichromis moorii, Aulonocranus dewindti, and Tropheus moorii, were assessed by behavioral observations. We distinguished between territorial core areas and total defended area, yielding average core areas between 0.4 (V. moorii) and 1.6 m 2 (T. moorii), and total defended areas averaging for each species between 1.6 (V. moorii) and 5.0 m 2 (A. dewindti) with no significant differences between the two study sites. The data on individual densities are also relevant for evolutionary studies, in that they allow more accurate calculations of effective population sizes.

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“…Whereas the haptoral region is characteristic of species groups or lineages, the morphology of the male copulatory organ (MCO) is important for species-level diagnosis in many groups of Monogenea22. The ecological, behavioural and phylogenetic diversity of cichlid fishes, especially in Lake Tanganyika2526, make them ideal models for investigating parasite speciation mechanisms such as the influence of host ecology on parasite diversity272829. Cichlids (Teleostei, Cichlidae) form one of the most diverse vertebrate families with around 2,200 known species30.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced host-specificity in a parasite infecting non-littoral Lake Tanganyika cichlids evidenced by intraspecific morphological and genetic diversity

Kmentová

Gelnar

Mendlová

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Lake Tanganyika is well-known for its high species-richness and rapid radiation processes. Its assemblage of cichlid fishes recently gained momentum as a framework to study parasite ecology and evolution. It offers a rare chance to investigate the influence of a deepwater lifestyle in a freshwater fish-parasite system. Our study represents the first investigation of parasite intraspecific genetic structure related to host specificity in the lake. It focused on the monogenean flatworm Cichlidogyrus casuarinus infecting deepwater cichlids belonging to Bathybates and Hemibates. Morphological examination of C. casuarinus had previously suggested a broad host range, while the lake’s other Cichlidogyrus species are usually host specific. However, ongoing speciation or cryptic diversity could not be excluded. To distinguish between these hypotheses, we analysed intraspecific diversity of C. casuarinus. Monogeneans from nearly all representatives of the host genera were examined using morphometrics, geomorphometrics and genetics. We confirmed the low host-specificity of C. casuarinus based on morphology and nuclear DNA. Yet, intraspecific variation of sclerotized structures was observed. Nevertheless, the highly variable mitochondrial DNA indicated recent population expansion, but no ongoing parasite speciation, confirming, for the first time in freshwater, reduced parasite host specificity in the deepwater realm, probably an adaptation to low host availability.

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The Lake Tanganyika cichlid species assemblage: recent advances in molecular phylogenetics

Cited by 60 publications

References 121 publications

Molecular analyses of ostracod flocks from Lake Baikal and Lake Tanganyika

Molecular analyses of ostracod flocks from Lake Baikal and Lake Tanganyika

Abundance, distribution, and territory areas of rock-dwelling Lake Tanganyika cichlid fish species

Reduced host-specificity in a parasite infecting non-littoral Lake Tanganyika cichlids evidenced by intraspecific morphological and genetic diversity

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