The Lake Michigan contaminant transport and fate model, LM2-toxic: Development, overview, and application

Zhang, Xiaomi; Rygwelski, Kenneth R.; Rossmann, Ronald

doi:10.1016/j.jglr.2008.11.008

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…We used the value 0.52 ± 0.16 m d –1 , which was taken from previous sediment trap measurements in the upper 35 m of the water column of Lake Michigan . This value is similar to the particulate organic carbon settling velocity (0.5 m d –1 ) . Apparent settling velocities of 0.3–0.8 m d –1 are typical for large lakes …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Therefore, even considering all of the factors mentioned above, it is reasonable to conclude that the decrease in the atmospheric flow is well outside the uncertainty of these calculations, and the half-life of atmospheric flows (combination of dry and wet deposition) is about 6 years ( R 2 = 0.97, p = 0.11) based on first order kinetics. This half-life is the same of that predicted by LM2 model under the fast recovery scenario …”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The decrease of tributary ∑PCB flows with time (from the 1970s to 2015) follows first order kinetics with a half-life of about 10–13 years ( R 2 > 0.94, p < 0.05). These half-lives are similar to the half-lives predicted by the LM2 model under a slow recovery scenario . The total external loading ( F wet + F dry + F tri ) in 2015 has dropped to 208 ± 66 kg yr –1 , which is 15% of that in 1994–1995 and 4% of 1970s (Table ).…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…∑PCB levels have also declined in herring gull eggs from 1974 to 2013, but the rate of decrease went down after 2000 . However, open-lake water ∑PCB concentrations for this study (0.36 ± 0.05 ng/L) are higher than the forecasted concentrations by the MICHTOX model under all scenarios (<0.15 ng L –1 ), higher than the EPA water quality criteria for the protection of wildlife (0.074 ng/L), and higher than the level needed for the protection of human health (0.026 ng/L) . Taken as a whole, these results suggest that even though ∑PCB concentrations are declining in Lake Michigan thanks to management and regulatory efforts, the rate of this decline is not as fast as predicted and suggests that sediments and water act as reservoirs for ∑PCBs.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these models, detailed PCB mass flow rates, phase distributions, and mass inventories in different compartments of the lake were computed. The primary conclusions of the first LMMBP effort were: (a) air–water exchange was the major process for PCB movement in the system and (b) reducing the atmospheric input of PCB to Lake Michigan was a critical step in the overall reduction of PCB levels in the lake. , Before the LMMBP, the MICHTOX model was also applied to estimate PCB loadings in 1970s. According to the pre-LMMBP model results, atmospheric deposition was the major input of PCBs to Lake Michigan and air–water exchange was controlled by gas absorption…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Updated Polychlorinated Biphenyl Mass Budget for Lake Michigan

Guo

Romanak

Westenbroek

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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This study revisits and updates the Lake Michigan Mass Balance Project (LMMBP) for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) that was conducted in 1994-1995. This work uses recent concentrations of PCBs in tributary and open lake water, air, and sediment to calculate an updated mass budget. Five of the 11 LMMBP tributaries were revisited in 2015. In these five tributaries, the geometric mean concentrations of ∑PCBs (sum of 85 congeners) ranged from 1.52 to 22.4 ng L. The highest concentrations of PCBs were generally found in the Lower Fox River and in the Indiana Harbor and Ship Canal. The input flows of ∑PCBs from wet deposition, dry deposition, tributary loading, and air to water exchange, and the output flows due to sediment burial, volatilization from water to air, and transport to Lake Huron and through the Chicago Diversion were calculated, as well as flows related to the internal processes of settling, resuspension, and sediment-water diffusion. The net transfer of ∑PCBs is 1240 ± 531 kg yr out of the lake. This net transfer is 46% lower than that estimated in 1994-1995. PCB concentrations in most matrices in the lake are decreasing, which drove the decline of all the individual input and output flows. Atmospheric deposition has become negligible, while volatilization from the water surface is still a major route of loss, releasing PCBs from the lake into the air. Large masses of PCBs remain in the water column and surface sediments and are likely to contribute to the future efflux of PCBs from the lake to the air.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Updated Polychlorinated Biphenyl Mass Budget for Lake Michigan

Guo

Romanak

Westenbroek

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Modeling of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the Baltimore Harbor

Shen

Hong

Schugam³

et al. 2012

Ecological Modelling

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Concentration and distribution of contaminants in lake trout and walleye from the Laurentian Great Lakes (2008–2012)

McGoldrick

Murphy

2016

Environmental Pollution

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Biomonitoring programs for persistent, bioaccumulative, and/or toxic chemicals of concern in fish tissues have been operated by the governments of Canada and the United States in the Great Lakes since the 1970's. The objectives of these programs are to assess concentrations of harmful chemicals in whole body top predator fish as an indicator of ecosystem health and to infer potential harm to fish and fish consuming wildlife in the Great Lakes Basin. Chemicals of interest are selected based upon national and binational commitments, risk assessment, and regulation, and include a wide range of compounds. This review summarizes all available data generated by Environment Canada and the United States Environmental Protection Agency for chemicals measured in whole body homogenates of Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and Walleye (Sander vitreus) for the time period spanning 2008 to 2012 from each of the five Great Lakes. The summary shows that concentrations of legacy compounds, such as, POPs listed in the Stockholm Convention and mercury continue to dominate the chemical burden of Great Lakes fish. This assessment, and others like it, can guide the creation of environmental quality targets where they are lacking, optimize chemical lists for monitoring, and prioritize chemicals of concern under agreements such as the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement and the Stockholm Convention.

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The Lake Michigan contaminant transport and fate model, LM2-toxic: Development, overview, and application

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Updated Polychlorinated Biphenyl Mass Budget for Lake Michigan

Updated Polychlorinated Biphenyl Mass Budget for Lake Michigan

Modeling of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the Baltimore Harbor

Concentration and distribution of contaminants in lake trout and walleye from the Laurentian Great Lakes (2008–2012)

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