The Lake Chad region as a crossroads: an archaeological and oral historical research project on early Kanem-Borno and its intra-African connections

Magnavita, Carlos; Zakinet, Dangbet; Bouimon, Tchago

doi:10.4000/aaa.2654

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…We detected population structure between and within Sahel/Savannah belt regions, where western Sahelians have notably higher amounts of admixture with Niger-Congo-speaking populations than populations from the other Sahelian regions. In Chad, populations from the northern region have different genetic ancestry components and linguistic backgrounds than populations from the southern region, suggesting that cultural factors or Lake Chad Basin were likely a barrier to population movements within the central Sahelian region ( Haber et al 2016 ; Magnavita et al 2019 ). As expected, a large barrier to human migration was detected in the Sahara Desert ( fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographic and Selection Histories of Populations Across the Sahel/Savannah Belt

Fortes-Lima

Tříska

Čížková

et al. 2022

Molecular Biology and Evolution

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The Sahel/Savannah belt harbors diverse populations with different demographic histories and different subsistence patterns. However, populations from this large African region are notably under-represented in genomic research. To investigate the population structure and adaptation history of populations from the Sahel/Savannah space, we generated dense genome-wide genotype data of 327 individuals—comprising 14 ethnolinguistic groups, including ten previously unsampled populations. Our results highlight fine-scale population structure and complex patterns of admixture, particularly in Fulani groups and Arabic-speaking populations. Among all studied Sahelian populations, only the Rashaayda Arabic-speaking population from eastern Sudan shows a lack of gene flow from African groups, which is consistent with the short history of this population in the African continent. They are recent migrants from Saudi Arabia with evidence of strong genetic isolation during the last few generations and a strong demographic bottleneck. This population also presents a strong selection signal in a genomic region around the CNR1 gene associated with substance dependence and chronic stress. In Western Sahelian populations, signatures of selection were detected in several other genetic regions, including pathways associated with lactase persistence, immune response, and malaria resistance. Taken together, these findings refine our current knowledge of genetic diversity, population structure, migration, admixture and adaptation of human populations in the Sahel/Savannah belt and contribute to our understanding of human history and health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographic and Selection Histories of Populations Across the Sahel/Savannah Belt

Fortes-Lima

Tříska

Čížková

et al. 2022

Molecular Biology and Evolution

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“…The second feasible route is an eastward connection linking Lake Chad with the Middle Nile Valley and the Red Sea coast via Darfur and Kordofan or, alternatively, through a southern trail via the Ethiopian Highlands to the Indian Ocean. In contrast to its trans‐Sahara equivalent, there is hitherto no data evidencing the economic use of a trans‐Sudanic route between Lake Chad and northeastern African regions before the demise of the Christian Nubian kingdoms Makuria and Alwa in the 15th century (R. Mauny and H. Lhote, in Épaulard et al, 1956: 9–10; Magnavita et al, 2019: 103–104). Historians such as Lange and Barkindo (1988: 437) and Devisse (1988: 435) have, however, hypothesized such a connection for the end of the first millennium CE, a notion shared by some researchers working in the West African rainforest (Blier, 2011: 118–119; Sutton, 2001: 52).…”

Section: Archaeological and Historical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…What remains completely unknown are the state’s potential connections with other African regions, particularly before the 15th century. The main reason for this is the overall lack of written, archaeological and other evidence hinting at such linkages (Magnavita et al, 2019: 103–104).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LA‐ICP‐MS analysis of glass beads from Tié (12th–14th centuries), Kanem, Chad: Evidence of trans‐Sudanic exchanges

et al. 2023

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Chemical analysis of glass from African archaeological sites has become a standard research tool over the past decades. Despite the multiplication of studies, the continent still exhibits vast unexplored regions. One of these is the surroundings of Lake Chad. This paper discusses the results of LA‐ICP‐MS analysis of recently excavated glass beads from the late medieval Chadian site of Tié. We demonstrate that the composition of those glass beads largely matches assemblages from along the East African coast. This indicates that most of the beads examined entered the region via a hitherto undocumented east–west Sudanic route linking Northeast Africa with Lake Chad.

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Early Kanem-Borno fired brick élite locations in Kanem, Chad: archaeological and historical implications

Magnavita

2021

Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa

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The Lake Chad region as a crossroads: an archaeological and oral historical research project on early Kanem-Borno and its intra-African connections

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Demographic and Selection Histories of Populations Across the Sahel/Savannah Belt

Demographic and Selection Histories of Populations Across the Sahel/Savannah Belt

LA‐ICP‐MS analysis of glass beads from Tié (12th–14th centuries), Kanem, Chad: Evidence of trans‐Sudanic exchanges

Early Kanem-Borno fired brick élite locations in Kanem, Chad: archaeological and historical implications

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