The Laevulose Test for Liver Efficiency and an Investigation of the Hepatic Condition in Pregnancy

Tallerman, Kenneth H.

doi:10.1093/qjmed/os-17.65.37

Cited by 17 publications

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“…In the majority of the cases showing a leucopenia the maximum fall occurred within 10 minutes; in only one case (No. 14) was the maximum fall not reached until 40 minutes after the ingestion of the milk. In none of the cases did a definite leucocytosis occur later.…”

Section: Ai1chives Of T4seasi In Chilbhoo1)mentioning

confidence: 94%

Hepatic Efficiency: The Value of the Haemoclastic and the Laevulose Tests in Childhood

Brown¹

1928

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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The liver is so complex an organ and has so miany functions to performii that no single test can serve as a true index of its efficiency. In consequence several tests have been devised for detecting hepatic disease. The van den Bergh test, and the phenol-tetrachlorphthalein test, are intended to give some indication of the state of the biliary activity of the liver; while the glycuronic acid test, and Widal's haemoclastic crisis ' have beeii regarded as of value in estimating the antitoxic function of the liver. For estimating the integrity of glycogenesis the loevuilose test has been employed.The present commuinication is base(d upon an investigationi of the hoeiiioelastic crisis and the loevulose test inl normal and abnormal conditions of childhood, and was undertaken to determine the value of these tests as indicating lisease of the liver. THE H;E1MOCLASTIC CRISIS' IN CHILDHOOD.This test, mhich is ani application of the physiological digestioll leucocyVtosis, was first employed by Widall in 1920. It consists in determining the number of leucocytes in the blood after fasting, and also 10, 20, 40, and in some cases 60 minutes, after the ingestion of a standard meal (seven ounces of milk). Widal maintained that in health a leucocytosis is invariably obtained, but that when disease of the liver exists the post-prandial leucocytosis is replaced by a leucopenia. This varying reaction be interpreted as evidence of whether peptones are arrested in the liver or niot, their presence in the systenmic circulation inducing a leucopenia. Moutier and Rachet , however, have brought forward evidence that the phenomenon of i; hoemoclasis " is the effect of a physical (listu-urbance of the vasomotor system rather than a chemical reaction connected with the liver. Some authors like Widal have considered this test as of great value in decidinig whether the liver is healthy or not. 'ilSon13 obtained a leucocytosis in thirty students after the ingestion of milk, a rise of 3,000 or upw-ards occurriing after 20 minutes in more than half of the cases; only two of the -subjects failed to show a rise of nmore than 1,000. In diseases of the liver, on the other hand, this author obtained ani inivariable fall. Sha l', on the contrary, performed the test in a large series of healthy individuals and also in cases of hepatic disease, and from his results. totally discounits the value of the test as a means of estimating hepatic efficiency. Schiff and( Stransky5 obtainied a leucopeniia in all normal infaints as well as in infants with disease of the liver, Misasi and Aiello6' state that a leucopenia is normally induced in all children under 10 y'ears of age. but that inl (ligestive disturbances and vongenital syphilis a leuceocytosis mav occur.

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Section: Ai1chives Of T4seasi In Chilbhoo1)mentioning

confidence: 94%

Hepatic Efficiency: The Value of the Haemoclastic and the Laevulose Tests in Childhood

Brown¹

1928

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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“…5. The levulose tolerance test was performed at least once during the control period and again after disappearance of the edema, using the technique of Tallerman (23). Prior to the levulose tolerance test the patients were fasted for fourteen hours or more.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…of water were given by mouth. The quantity of levulose administered was varied according to the weight of the patient (23). Blood samples were withdrawn at 30, 60 and 120 minute intervals.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver function in congestive heart failure

1930

American Heart Journal

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“…Five normal subjects were studied. Tallerman (12) The average or composite of all 81 tests is given in table 2, and is graphically shown in figure 1. In this curve it will be noted that the rise in blood sugar was 10.1 mgm.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Tolerance of Normal Subjects to Levulos E

Jolliffe¹

1930

J. Clin. Invest.

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MacLean and de Wesselow (1) examined the type of blood sugar curves obtained in normal and diabetic subjects. They suggest that such curves rise very slowly or fail to rise during the second thirty minute period following administration of sugar by mouth, due to stimulation of the glycogen storage mechanism which abstracts the sugar from the blood more quickly than it enters. They believe that this dormant glycogen-forming function of the liver does not begin to act until the sugar concentration approaches 140 mgm. per cent. That the glycogen-storing function is stimulated by hyperglycemic levels is supported by Foster (2). He found that oral administration of glucose, when the concentration of the blood sugar is falling, results in little or no increase in blood sugar. This observation of Foster has been amply confirmed, especially by the work of du Vigneaud and Karr (3) and later by Lennox and Bellinger (4).That there is a relation between the fasting blood sugar level and its rise above the fasting level following the administration of levulose by mouth seems borne out by this investigation. This relationship is intimately concerned with the mechanism by which the normal subject maintains his fairly constant blood sugar level as recently shown by Jonas and his associates (5), Trimble and Maddock (6) and Sweeney (7). They show that the normal subject maintains a blood sugar almost invariably between 80 and 140 mgm. per cent during such diverse activities as rest, sleep, mild exercise, work, and eating.Schirokauer (8) was the first investigator who studied the rise in blood sugar following the oral administration of levulose. He found 363

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The Laevulose Test for Liver Efficiency and an Investigation of the Hepatic Condition in Pregnancy

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Hepatic Efficiency: The Value of the Haemoclastic and the Laevulose Tests in Childhood

Hepatic Efficiency: The Value of the Haemoclastic and the Laevulose Tests in Childhood

Liver function in congestive heart failure

The Tolerance of Normal Subjects to Levulos E

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