The Ladbroke Grove–Katnook carbon dioxide natural laboratory: A recent CO2 accumulation in a lithic sandstone reservoir

Watson, Max; Zwingmann, Naoko; Lemon, Nicholas M.

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2004.03.079

Cited by 106 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…CO 2 originating from nearby volcanoes has migrated into the reservoir between 1 million and 4500 yr ago. Mineralogical analysis has revealed that some of the CO 2 has been permanently stored by mineralisation due to the high amount of reactive minerals present in the reservoir, although the majority of CO 2 is stored in gaseous and aqueous phases (Watson et al, 2003).…”

Section: Natural Analoguesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health, Safety and Environmental Risks of Underground Co2 Storage – Overview of Mechanisms and Current Knowledge

2006

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Abstract. CO 2 capture and storage (CCS) in geological reservoirs may be part of a strategy to reduce global anthropogenic CO 2 emissions. Insight in the risks associated with underground CO 2 storage is needed to ensure that it can be applied as safe and effective greenhouse mitigation option. This paper aims to give an overview of the current (gaps in) knowledge of risks associated with underground CO 2 storage and research areas that need to be addressed to increase our understanding in those risks. Risks caused by a failure in surface installations are understood and can be minimised by risk abatement technologies and safety measures. The risks caused by underground CO 2 storage (CO 2 and CH 4 leakage, seismicity, ground movement and brine displacement) are less well understood. Main R&D objective is to determine the processes controlling leakage through/along wells, faults and fractures to assess leakage rates and to assess the effects on (marine) ecosystems. Although R&D activities currently being undertaken are working on these issues, it is expected that further demonstration projects and experimental work is needed to provide data for more thorough risk assessment.

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Section: Natural Analoguesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health, Safety and Environmental Risks of Underground Co2 Storage – Overview of Mechanisms and Current Knowledge

2006

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“…Simulation results could be sensitive to the choice of secondary minerals. However, almost all possibilities of secondary carbonate and clay minerals are covered in the simulations, which are based on previous studies of modelling (Xu et al, 2005(Xu et al, , 2006Gaus et al, 2005;White et al, 2005), laboratory experiments (Wolf et al, 2004;Chen et al, 2006), and field observations (Pearce et al, 1996;Watson et al, 2004;Moore et al, 2005;Worden 2006). …”

Section: Hydrogeochemical Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term variations of CO2 trapped in different mechanisms in deep saline formations: A case study of the Songliao Basin, China

Zhang

et al. 2009

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

140

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The geological storage of CO 2 in deep saline formations is increasing seen as a viable strategy to reduce the release of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. There are numerous sedimentary basins in China, in which a number of suitable CO 2 geologic reservoirs are potentially available. To identify the multi-phase processes, geochemical changes and mineral alteration, and CO 2 trapping mechanisms after CO 2 injection, reactive geochemical transport simulations using a simple 2D model were performed. Mineralogical composition and water chemistry from a deep saline formation of Songliao Basin were used. Results indicate that different storage forms of CO 2 vary with time. In the CO 2 injection period, a large amount of CO 2 remains as a free supercritical phase (gas trapping), and the amount dissolved in the formation water (solubility trapping) gradually increases. Later, gas trapping decreases, solubility trapping increases significantly due to migration and diffusion of the CO 2 plume, and the amount trapped by carbonate minerals increases gradually with time. The residual CO 2 gas keeps dissolving into groundwater and precipitating carbonate minerals. For the Songliao Basin sandstone, variations in the reaction rate and abundance of chlorite, and plagioclase composition affect significantly the estimates of mineral alteration and CO 2 storage in different trapping mechanisms. The effect of vertical permeability and residual gas saturation on the 2 overall storage is smaller compared to the geochemical factors. However, they can affect the spatial distribution of the injected CO 2 in the formations. The CO 2 mineral trapping capacity could be in the order of ten kilogram per cubic meter medium for the Songliao Basin sandstone, and may be higher depending on the composition of primary aluminosilicate minerals especially the content of Ca, Mg, and Fe.

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“…Solid-solution carbonates were reported in some of the natural analogue and laboratory fluid-rock studies reviewed in our assessment (Table 7.1). These include the identification of ferroan calcite (Worden 2006), magnesian calcite (Park and Fan 2004), ferroan and magnesian carbonates (Watson et al 2004), and ferroan dolomite (Pauwels et al 2007;Pearce et al 1996;Worden 2006). Xu et al (2004Xu et al ( , 2005Xu et al ( , 2007) (see Table 5.1) assumed an ideal solution for the dolomite-ankerite [Ca(Fe 07 Mg0.3)(CO 3 ) 2 ] solid solution in their modeling of CO 2 sequestration processes using the reactive geochemical transport code TOUGHREACT.…”

Section: Carbonate Mineral Solid Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic Data for Geochemical Modeling of Carbonate Reactions Associated with CO2 Sequestration – Literature Review

Krupka

Cantrell

McGrail

2010

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SummaryPermanent storage of anthropogenic CO 2 in deep geologic formations is being considered as a means to reduce the concentration of atmospheric CO 2 and thus its contribution to global climate change. To assure safe and effective geologic sequestration, numerous studies have been completed regarding the extent to which CO 2 migrates within geologic formations, and what physical and geochemical changes occur in these formations when CO 2 is injected. Sophisticated, computerized reservoir simulations are used as part of field site and laboratory CO 2 sequestration studies. These simulations use coupled multiphase flow-reactive chemical transport models and/or standalone (i.e., no coupled fluid transport) geochemical models to calculate gas solubility, aqueous complexation, reduction/oxidation (redox), and/or mineral solubility reactions related to CO 2 injection and sequestration.Thermodynamic data are critical inputs to modeling geochemical processes. The adequacy of thermodynamic data for carbonate compounds has been identified as an important data requirement for the successful application of these geochemical reaction models to CO 2 sequestration. Therefore, a review was completed of thermodynamic data for CO 2 gas and carbonate aqueous species and minerals present in published data compilations and databases used in geochemical reaction models. Published studies that describe mineralogical analyses from CO 2 sequestration field and natural analogue sites and laboratory studies were also reviewed to identify specific carbonate minerals that are important to CO 2 sequestration reactions and therefore require thermodynamic data.The results of the literature review (Section 5.0) indicate that an extensive thermodynamic database exists for CO 2 and CH 4 gases, carbonate aqueous species, and carbonate minerals. Values of ∆ f G 298° and/or log K r,298° are available for essentially all of these compounds. However, log K r,T° or heat capacity values at temperatures above 298 K exist for less than approximately one-third of these compounds. Because the temperatures of host formations that will be used for CO 2 injection and sequestration will be at temperatures in the range of 50ºC to 100ºC or greater, the lack of high-temperature thermodynamic values for key carbonate compounds, especially minerals, will impact the accuracy of some modeling calculations.In comparison to the available thermodynamic data for carbonate minerals, only a small number of carbonate minerals have been described in published studies as actually being present in the host rock formations at CO 2 injection test sites or natural analogue sites, reaction products of CO 2 injection/ intrusion into a host formation, or as mineral reactants or products of laboratory CO 2 fluid-rock and -mineral experiments. Except for a few carbonate solid-solution minerals (ferroan and magnesian carbonates and ferroan dolomite), thermodynamic data are available for the pure carbonate minerals identified in these natural analogue site and fluid-rock and -mineral...

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The Ladbroke Grove–Katnook carbon dioxide natural laboratory: A recent CO2 accumulation in a lithic sandstone reservoir

Cited by 106 publications

References 4 publications

Health, Safety and Environmental Risks of Underground Co2 Storage – Overview of Mechanisms and Current Knowledge

Health, Safety and Environmental Risks of Underground Co2 Storage – Overview of Mechanisms and Current Knowledge

Long-term variations of CO2 trapped in different mechanisms in deep saline formations: A case study of the Songliao Basin, China

Thermodynamic Data for Geochemical Modeling of Carbonate Reactions Associated with CO2 Sequestration – Literature Review

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