The lactation cycle in the sow: physiological and management contradictions

Hartmann, Peter; Smith, Ning; Thompson, M. J.; Wakeford, C.M.; Arthur, Peter G.

doi:10.1016/s0301-6226(97)00076-6

Cited by 33 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Thus, it may be deducted that litter size and MPF rate per individual gland are inversely related, although the nature and the strength of this relationship are not known. It is well documented in sows that suckling demand is the major determinant of milk yield from an individual gland (Auldist et al, 1995;Hartmann et al, 1997), hence suckling demand per individual gland may decrease with increasing litter size. Nonetheless, the overall suckling demand to the mammary gland system must be increased with increasing litter size, because milk production increases with increasing litter size.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of litter size and day of lactation on amino acid uptake by the porcine mammary glands

Nielsen¹,

Trottier

Stein

et al. 2002

Journal of Animal Science

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Twelve multiparous sows (PIC Camborough 15; parity >2) were used to investigate the relationship between litter size and day of lactation, and plasma amino acid (AA) arteriovenous differences (A-VD), AA uptake, and plasma flow across the mammary glands. Sows were assigned randomly to one of the following litter sizes: 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, or 14 pigs per litter by cross fostering on d 2 postpartum. All sows were surgically fitted with catheters in the carotid artery and the main mammary vein. Matched arteriovenous blood samples were obtained on d 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 postpartum. Daily mammary uptake of AA was based on the product of plasma A-VD and daily mammary plasma flow (MPF). Daily MPF was estimated using the Fick method based on lysine conservation across the gland, and daily milk production. For the majority of AA, as litter size increased, A-VD did not increase, except for alanine (P < 0.05, linear and quadratic) and valine (P < 0.1; trend; linear and quadratic). As day of lactation increased, A-VD for the majority of AA increased (P < 0.05, linear and quadratic) except for arginine, lysine, and phenylalanine. As litter size increased, net daily mammary AA uptake increased for all indispensable AA (P = 0.001 to P < 0.05, linear and quadratic), excepting arginine. Milk production increased with increasing litter size (P < 0.001, linear) and with increasing day of lactation (P < 0.05, quadratic). Daily MPF increased (P < 0.05, linear) with increasing litter size, but did not change during the period measured from d 9 to 24. In conclusion, litter size appears to be a major determinant of net mammary AA uptake with daily mammary plasma flow a driving variable, whereas AA A-VD is a function of day of lactation and a major variable in determining net AA uptake with advancement of lactation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of litter size and day of lactation on amino acid uptake by the porcine mammary glands

Nielsen¹,

Trottier

Stein

et al. 2002

Journal of Animal Science

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“…Lactogenesis stage II, the onset of copious milk secretion, is regulated differently among species. In the pig, suckling, which includes both the suckling per se and the event of removal of colostrum/milk, is required to initiate lactation (Hartmann et al, 1997), whereas suckling is not required for inducing onset of lactation in many other species including humans (Kulski et al, 1978). In the current study, suckling for 12 to 14 h postpartum was insufficient to initiate and maintain lactation until 24 to 36 h postpartum, as indicated by the low expression of the α-lactalbumin gene in transiently suckled glands compared with regularly suckled glands.…”

Section: Onset and Maintenance Of Lactationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initiation and maintenance of lactation is regulated in a concerted action of systemic and local factors (Hartmann et al, 1997). Prolactin (PRL) plays a key role in mammary growth, and thus mammary cell turnover, in sows during late pregnancy (Farmer et al, 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of suckling in regulating cell turnover and onset and maintenance of lactation in individual mammary glands of sows1

Theil

Sejrsen

Hurley

et al. 2006

Journal of Animal Science

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This study addressed the mechanisms by which suckling regulates cell turnover and onset and maintenance of lactation of individual mammary glands of sows. The effects of no, transient (through 12 to 14 h postpartum), or regular suckling of individual glands during d 0 to 6 of lactation were studied in 5 sows. Nonsuckling was obtained by taping the glands to prevent access to the nipples. Visual scores confirmed that regularly suckled glands maintained lactation, whereas transiently suckled and nonsuckled glands regressed during lactation. Mammary gland biopsies were collected on d -5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 relative to farrowing in order to evaluate the cell turnover and to quantify the transcription of genes potentially involved in mammary cell turnover and function. The proportion of proliferating cells was greatest prepartum (13.1%). After farrowing, the proportion of proliferating cells declined in all glands, then remained low (5.6%) in nonsuckled glands and increased (P < 0.01) from an average of 7.5% on d 1 to 9.9% on d 6 in regularly suckled and transiently suckled glands. Transcriptional data were analyzed using a gamma-distributed, generalized linear mixed model. Abundance of alpha-lactalbumin mRNA (P < 0.01) increased in regularly suckled glands within the first day of lactation and remained elevated, whereas the expression in taped glands remained at the prepartum level. Prolactin receptor mRNA abundance decreased (P < 0.001), and IGFBP-5 mRNA abundance increased (P < 0.01) in nonsuckled and transiently suckled glands after parturition compared with regularly suckled glands. Mammary mRNA abundances of IGF-I, IGF-II, type I IGF receptor, and caspase 3 were minimally or inconclusively affected by the suckling regimens. In conclusion, suckling during the first 12 to 14 h postpartum is insufficient to initiate and maintain lactation until 24 to 36 h postpartum but sufficient to induce mammary cell proliferation for at least 6 d postpartum. Furthermore, a high prolactin receptor transcription and a low IGFBP-5 transcription seem important for maintaining a functional mammary gland during lactation.

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“…A mild transition from gestation to lactating metabolism is essential to attain a good productive performance during the sow post-partum [1]. Colostrum production increases during the last week of gestation [2], and subsequent milk yield depends on genetics potential but also on feed intake [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Ad Libitum Feeding during the Peri-Partum Improve the Sow Feed Intake and Performances?

Martí

Latorre

Álvarez-Rodríguez

2019

Animals

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This study hypothesized that the ad libitum feeding of sows during the peri-partum may increase the neonatal survival of the piglets and the post-partum recovery of the sow. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of two peri-partum feeding strategies (ad libitum and stepped from day 110 of gestation to day 5 post-partum) on the feed intake, the reproductive performance of sows, as well as the survival of their piglets. A total of 90 Landrace x Large-White dams sired by Duroc were used. The sows were randomly assigned to feeding treatments by balancing body condition and parity between groups. The feed intake of the sows in the peri-partum was lower in the stepped than in the ad libitum strategy. The increase of the feeding level in the ad libitum sows was not counterbalanced by higher number of weaned piglets or shorter weaned to oestrus interval.

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The lactation cycle in the sow: physiological and management contradictions

Cited by 33 publications

References 27 publications

The effect of litter size and day of lactation on amino acid uptake by the porcine mammary glands

The effect of litter size and day of lactation on amino acid uptake by the porcine mammary glands

Role of suckling in regulating cell turnover and onset and maintenance of lactation in individual mammary glands of sows1

Does Ad Libitum Feeding during the Peri-Partum Improve the Sow Feed Intake and Performances?

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