The lack of males due to illegal trapping is causing polygyny in the globally endangered Yellow Cardinal Gubernatrix cristata

Segura, Luciano Noel; Perelló, Milton; Gress, Néstor H.; Ontiveros, Rafael

doi:10.1007/bf03544445

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Domínguez et al (2015) conducted their study prior (2011)(2012) to ours (2013)(2014)(2015), so we cannot determine whether the differences found were related to temporal or spatial factors. Additionally, we have already reported cooperative breeding in the Brazilian population (Beier et al 2017), which was not reported in other populations (Domínguez et al 2015, Segura et al 2019. We found higher frequency (67%) and intensity (~2 eggs/parasitized nest) of brood parasitism by cowbirds than in Argentina (33%, 1 egg/parasitized nest; Domínguez et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

Breeding biology of the endangered Yellow Cardinal Gubernatrix cristata in Brazil

Beier

Fontana

2019

Rev. Bras. Ornitol.

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The Yellow Cardinal, Gubernatrix cristata, has a small geographic range in Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina. We studied the natural history of the only known Brazilian population of this “Endangered” species (∼50 individuals), which is socially monogamous and may breed cooperatively. During two breeding seasons (October to February 2013–2015), we monitored nests and described the main breeding traits. The breeding season started from the first week of October, with a peak of active nests in mid-November and lasted until mid-February. We found 32 nests, of which 30 were monitored. Female built the open-cup nests in six days (n = 1). All nests were built on Prosopis trees, on average at 2.4 m from the ground. Modal clutch size was three eggs (n = 19), and female incubated for 13 days on average (n = 7). Hatching rate was 76% and nestlings fledged after 16 days (n = 6). Nestling survival rate was 67% with mean productivity of 1.6 fledglings/successful nest. Shiny Cowbird, Molothrus bonariensis, parasitized nests of the Yellow Cardinal, with a frequency of 67% and intensity of 1.9 egg per parasitized nest (1–4 eggs; n = 13). Parasitism in nestlings by botfly larvae (Philornis sp.) occurred in 33% of nests with nestlings. Nest predation was the main cause of nest losses (73%) and we recorded a Geoffroy’s Cat, Leopardus geoffroyi, preying on a nest with eggs. The probability of success using the Program MARK was 13%. Fledgling survival rate during the first month outside the nest was 62% (8/13 fledglings). We found a longer breeding season, occurrence of second broods, and higher rates but fewer nest losses due to brood parasitism in comparison to the Argentinian population. We highlight the importance of natural history studies for the conservation of different populations of the same species.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

Breeding biology of the endangered Yellow Cardinal Gubernatrix cristata in Brazil

Beier

Fontana

2019

Rev. Bras. Ornitol.

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“…Solving the dichotomy between opportunistic or selective poaching has profound conservation implications, since the overexploitation of preferred species may be causing their decline, pushing their populations toward regional [11,58] and global [84] extinctions. Several lines of evidence show that any form of harvesting (including legal fishing and hunting) is selective toward individuals of a certain sex, size, morphology, or behavior, with long-term population and evolutionary consequences [93][94][95][96][97][98][99]. However, to our knowledge, the hypothesis of selective harvest at the community level (i.e., on species with particular characteristics over others ) has not yet been properly tested, mainly due to the difficulty of assessing their availability in the wild.…”

Section: Further Prospects For Assessing Selective Harvestingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunistic or Non-Random Wildlife Crime? Attractiveness Rather Than Abundance in the Wild Leads to Selective Parrot Poaching

et al. 2020

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Illegal wildlife trade, which mostly focuses on high-demand species, constitutes a major threat to biodiversity. However, whether poaching is an opportunistic crime within high-demand taxa such as parrots (i.e., harvesting proportional to species availability in the wild), or is selectively focused on particular, more desirable species, is still under debate. Answering this question has important conservation implications because selective poaching can lead to the extinction of some species through overharvesting. However, the challenges of estimating species abundances in the wild have hampered studies on this subject. We conducted a large-scale survey in Colombia to simultaneously estimate the relative abundance of wild parrots through roadside surveys (recording 10811 individuals from 25 species across 2221 km surveyed) and as household, illegally trapped pets in 282 sampled villages (1179 individuals from 21 species). We used for the first time a selectivity index to test selection on poaching. Results demonstrated that poaching is not opportunistic, but positively selects species based on their attractiveness, defined as a function of species size, coloration, and ability to talk, which is also reflected in their local prices. Our methodological approach, which shows how selection increases the conservation impacts of poaching for parrots, can be applied to other taxa also impacted by harvesting for trade or other purposes.

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“…2015, Segura et al . 2019). The ranch contains thorny shrubland forests with different vegetation densities, dominated by calden mesquite Prosopis caldenia , within the Espinal ecoregion (Morello et al 2012), covering a total area of 1,320 ha.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study took place in a private livestock ranch in La Pampa province, Argentina (36˚48'S; 64˚37'W) from early October to late December 2019, covering almost the entire breeding season of the species (late September-early January; Domı ´nguez et al 2015, Segura et al 2019. The ranch contains thorny shrubland forests with different vegetation densities, dominated by calden mesquite Prosopis caldenia, within the Espinal ecoregion (Morello et al 2012), covering a total area of 1,320 ha.…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Brood parasitism leads to zero recruitment in the globally endangered Yellow CardinalGubernatrix cristata

Atencio

Reboreda

Mahler

2020

Bird Conservation International

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Summary The Yellow Cardinal Gubernatrix cristata is an ‘Endangered’ passerine from southern South America. For the past three years a management plan for Yellow Cardinals has been implemented in Argentina, in which rescued individuals from the illegal cage bird trade were released back into suitable habitats within their population of origin. We studied the reproductive success of a mixed population of released and wild Yellow Cardinals in La Pampa province, Argentina, during the reproductive season of 2019. The population was highly parasitized by the brood parasitic Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis. The frequency of parasitism was 100% and the intensity of parasitism was 4.5 ± 3.4 (mean ± SD) eggs per parasitized nest (range 1–13). No Yellow Cardinal chicks were recruited in the monitored nests, mainly as a consequence of Shiny Cowbird parasitism. The unusually high rate of parasitism led to a poor outcome of the reintroduction programme and indicates the need to update the conservation actions that have been carried out for the Yellow Cardinal so far. Shiny Cowbird abundance varies within the distribution of Yellow Cardinals, related to habitat modification and farming activities. Thus, further research on habitat suitability and assessment of Shiny Cowbird abundance should be incorporated into future strategies for the conservation of the Yellow Cardinal.

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The lack of males due to illegal trapping is causing polygyny in the globally endangered Yellow Cardinal Gubernatrix cristata

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Breeding biology of the endangered Yellow Cardinal Gubernatrix cristata in Brazil

Breeding biology of the endangered Yellow Cardinal Gubernatrix cristata in Brazil

Opportunistic or Non-Random Wildlife Crime? Attractiveness Rather Than Abundance in the Wild Leads to Selective Parrot Poaching

Brood parasitism leads to zero recruitment in the globally endangered Yellow CardinalGubernatrix cristata

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