The lack of female dominance in golden‐brown mouse lemurs suggests alternative routes in lemur social evolution

Eichmueller, Pia; Thorén, Sandra; Radespiel, Ute

doi:10.1002/ajpa.22189

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Moreover, morphometric measures, such as tail circumference, that are typically associated with seasonal and habitat variations in fat storage and thus body mass, loaded more on the PCA for female M. ravelobensis in edge than interior habitats. Although it is convenient to invoke female dominance over resource acquisition as the driving force behind this edge-related pattern of body mass, recent experimental work indicates that M. ravelobensis does not exhibit female dominance [Eichmueller et al, 2013]. This study is particularly important because it used animals collected in the wild and maintained them in adjacent cages in Ankarafantsika.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, intersexual differences in body mass amongst the study animals did not correlate with dominance dynamics. Instead, Eichmueller et al [2013] sug-gested that access to quality sleeping sites rather than food resources may be the driving force of female dominance in mouse lemurs, a hypothesis that would preclude edge effects on food resources as influencing body mass in female M. ravelobensis . Despite these compelling results and hypothesis, edge habitats present a unique set of ecological parameters that may not relate directly to experimental studies that offer food resources that can be exploited simultaneously by multiple individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Edge Effects on Morphometrics and Body Mass in Two Sympatric Species of Mouse Lemurs in Madagascar

Burke¹,

Lehman²

2015

IJFP

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Edge effects are an inevitable and important consequence of forest loss and fragmentation. These effects include changes in species biology and biogeography. Here we examine variations in body mass and morphometrics for 2 sympatric species of mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus and M. ravelobensis) between edge and interior habitats in the dry deciduous forest at Ankarafantsika National Park. Between May and August 2012, we conducted mark-recapture experiments on mouse lemurs trapped along edge and interior forest transects within continuous forest adjacent to a large savannah. Of the 34 M. murinus captured during our study, 82% (n = 28) were trapped in interior habitats. Conversely, 72% (n = 47) of M. ravelobensis were captured in edge habitats. We found that mean body mass of M. murinus and M. ravelobensis did not differ between edge and interior habitats. However, female M. ravelobensis weighed significantly more in edge habitats (56.09 ± 1.74 g) than in interior habitats (48.14 ± 4.44 g). Our study provides some of the first evidence of sex differences in edge responses for a primate species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Edge Effects on Morphometrics and Body Mass in Two Sympatric Species of Mouse Lemurs in Madagascar

Burke¹,

Lehman²

2015

IJFP

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“…Some of these species live as individual adults that have overlapping ranges, such as mouse lemurs (Microcebus), dwarf lemurs (Cheirogaleus), lorises (Loris, Nycticebus), and galagos (Euoticus, Galago, Galagoides, Otolemur, and Sciurocheirus). Close-proximity encounters occur and it is known that some of these encounters involve facial displays (Bearder & Doyle, 1974;Charles-Dominique, 1977;Martin, 1990;Nash, 2003;Kessler et al, 2012;Eichmueller et al, 2013). These strepsirrhine species typically form small groups (Charles-Dominique, 1977;Radespiel et al, 2003).…”

Section: Primate Social Behavior and Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Morphology of Mimetic Musculature in Primates: How Social Variables and Body Size Stack up to Phylogeny

Burrows

2018

The Anatomical Record

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Mammalian skeletal muscle is influenced by the functional demands placed upon it. Functional morphology of facial expression musculature, or mimetic musculature, is largely unknown. Recently, primate mimetic musculature has been shown to respond to demands associated with social factors. Body size has also been demonstrated to affect many aspects of primate functional morphology and evolutionary morphology. The present study was designed to further examine the role of social variables and body size in influencing the morphology of primate mimetic musculature using a broad phylogenetic range of primates, primates with varying body sizes, and those that exploit differing time of day activity cycles and social group sizes. Gross data on mimetic musculature morphology were gathered from tarsiers (Tarsius bancanus), slender lorises (Loris tardigradus), ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta), crowned lemurs (Eulemur coronatus), black lemurs (E. macaco), owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus), and howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) and compared to previous results from chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), gibbons and siamangs (hylobatids), rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), Sulawesi macaques (M. nigra), common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), and greater bushbabies (Otolemur spp.). Mimetic muscle presence/absence was observed and recorded. Results revealed that phylogenetic position determines the overall mimetic muscle groundplan, with anthropoids having a high number of muscles in the superciliary and midface regions, strepsirrhines having a high number of muscles in the external ear region, and tarsiers displaying an intermediate condition. Within these broad taxonomic categories body size had an effect on mimetic musculature, while time of day activity and social group size had smaller effects. Anat Rec, 301:202-215, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“…Some of these species live as individual adults that have overlapping ranges, such as in mouse lemurs (Microcebus), dwarf lemurs (Cheirogaleus), tarsiers (Tarsius), lorises (Loris, Nycticebus), and some galagos (Galago, Otolemur). In this type of social system, direct proximate encounters occur that may be either affiliative or agonistic (friendly or aggressive) and it is known that some of these encounters involve facial displays (Bearder & Doyle, 1974;Charles-Dominique, 1977;Martin, 1990;Andr es et al 2003;Nash, 2003;Kessler et al 2012;Eichmueller et al 2013). These prosimian species may form small groups that consist of a mother, her infant, and an adult daughter, e.g.…”

Section: Primate Social Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Eichmueller et al. ). These prosimian species may form small groups that consist of a mother, her infant, and an adult daughter, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Social variables exert selective pressures in the evolution and form of primate mimetic musculature

Burrows

Waller

et al. 2016

Journal of Anatomy

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Mammals use their faces in social interactions more so than any other vertebrates. Primates are an extreme among most mammals in their complex, direct, lifelong social interactions and their frequent use of facial displays is a means of proximate visual communication with conspecifics. The available repertoire of facial displays is primarily controlled by mimetic musculature, the muscles that move the face. The form of these muscles is, in turn, limited by and influenced by phylogenetic inertia but here we use examples, both morphological and physiological, to illustrate the influence that social variables may exert on the evolution and form of mimetic musculature among primates. Ecomorphology is concerned with the adaptive responses of morphology to various ecological variables such as diet, foliage density, predation pressures, and time of day activity. We present evidence that social variables also exert selective pressures on morphology, specifically using mimetic muscles among primates as an example. Social variables include group size, dominance 'style', and mating systems. We present two case studies to illustrate the potential influence of social behavior on adaptive morphology of mimetic musculature in primates: (1) gross morphology of the mimetic muscles around the external ear in closely related species of macaque (Macaca mulatta and Macaca nigra) characterized by varying dominance styles and (2) comparative physiology of the orbicularis oris muscle among select ape species. This muscle is used in both facial displays/expressions and in vocalizations/human speech. We present qualitative observations of myosin fiber-type distribution in this muscle of siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus), chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), and human to demonstrate the potential influence of visual and auditory communication on muscle physiology. In sum, ecomorphologists should be aware of social selective pressures as well as ecological ones, and that observed morphology might reflect a compromise between the demands of the physical and the social environments.

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The lack of female dominance in golden‐brown mouse lemurs suggests alternative routes in lemur social evolution

Cited by 23 publications

References 52 publications

Edge Effects on Morphometrics and Body Mass in Two Sympatric Species of Mouse Lemurs in Madagascar

Edge Effects on Morphometrics and Body Mass in Two Sympatric Species of Mouse Lemurs in Madagascar

Functional Morphology of Mimetic Musculature in Primates: How Social Variables and Body Size Stack up to Phylogeny

Social variables exert selective pressures in the evolution and form of primate mimetic musculature

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