The laboratory rat: age and body weight matter

Ghasemi, Asghar; Jeddi, Sajad; Kashfi, Khosrow

doi:10.17179/excli2021-4072

Cited by 46 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Second, species difference is a factor that may explain some inconsistent findings in the field. Rodents are the most common species used in animal experiments (Ghasemi et al, 2021[ 28 ]). In rats, NO production rate is similar to humans (0.55 ± 0.05 vs. 0.38±0.06 μmol.kg -1 .h -1 (Siervo et al, 2011[ 92 ]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative aspects of nitric oxide production from nitrate and nitrite

Ghasemi

2022

EXCLI Journal; 21:Doc470; ISSN 1611-2156

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Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in many physiological and pathological processes in the human body. At least two major pathways produce NO: (1) the L -arginine-NO-oxidative pathway in which NO synthase (NOS) enzymes convert L -arginine to NO; (2) the nitrate-nitrite-NO reductive pathway in which NO is produced from the serial reduction of nitrate and nitrite. The deficiency of NO is involved in the pathophysiology of cardiometabolic disorders. Intervention with foods containing nitrate and nitrite can potentially prevent or treat some chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. A better understanding of the NO cycle would help develop effective strategies for preventing or treating the disorders in which NO homeostasis is disturbed. This review summarizes quantitative aspects of NO production, emphasizing the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway. Available data indicates that total NO production by NOS-dependent L -arginine-NO pathway is about 1000 μmol.day -1 . Of about 1700 μmol.day -1 ingested nitrate, ~25 % is extracted by the salivary glands and of which ~20 % is converted nitrite. It means that about 5 % of ingested nitrate is converted to nitrite in the oral cavity; assuming that all produced nitrite is reduced to NO in the stomach, it can be calculated that contribution of the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway to the whole-body NO production is about 85 μmol.day -1 (1700 ×0.05=85) or approximately 100 μmol.day -1 . The lower contribution of the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway does not mean that this pathway has lower importance in the whole-body NO homeostasis. Even in the adequate L -arginine supply, NOS-dependent NO production is insufficient to meet all NO functions, and the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway must provide the rest. In conclusion, the contribution of the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway in the whole human body NO production is <10 %, and the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway is complementary to the NOS-dependent NO production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative aspects of nitric oxide production from nitrate and nitrite

Ghasemi

2022

EXCLI Journal; 21:Doc470; ISSN 1611-2156

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“…With advanced aging, females have a tendency to gain weight and exhibit metabolic dysfunction. In addition, the age and body weight of animals are closely related to changes in the gene expression of metabolic parameters [ 27 ]. Regarding body weight, we found that weight loss was observed in the 10-day-interval group, starting on the first week after multiple cell injections ( Figure 1 c; pink bar vs. violet bar).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Rewiring by Human Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy Promotes Rejuvenation in Aged Female Rats

Kim

Lee

2022

IJMS

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Aging is a degenerative process involving cell function deterioration, leading to altered metabolic pathways, increased metabolite diversity, and dysregulated metabolism. Previously, we reported that human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPD-MSCs) have therapeutic effects on ovarian aging. This study aimed to identify hPD-MSC therapy-induced responses at the metabolite and protein levels and serum biomarker(s) of aging and/or rejuvenation. We observed weight loss after hPD-MSC therapy. Importantly, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), known prolongs healthy life spans, were markedly elevated in serum. Capillary electrophoresis-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOF/MS) analysis identified 176 metabolites, among which the levels of 3-hydroxybutyric acid, glycocholic acid, and taurine, which are associated with health and longevity, were enhanced after hPD-MSC stimulation. Furthermore, after hPD-MSC therapy, the levels of vitamin B6 and its metabolite pyridoxal 5′-phosphate were markedly increased in the serum and liver, respectively. Interestingly, hPD-MSC therapy promoted serotonin production due to increased vitamin B6 metabolism rates. Increased liver serotonin levels after multiple-injection therapy altered the expression of mRNAs and proteins associated with hepatocyte proliferation and mitochondrial biogenesis. Changes in metabolites in circulation after hPD-MSC therapy can be used to identify biomarker(s) of aging and/or rejuvenation. In addition, serotonin is a valuable therapeutic target for reversing aging-associated liver degeneration.

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“…Tibial length is an indicator of animal size. Since bone growth never stops in rats, normalization of absolute organ weight to tibial length is commonly performed in these animals [ 14 ]. The age effect on the ratio of prostate to tibial length was also evident ( p < 0.0001, Cont2 vs. Cont1 and p < 0.0001, PCa2 vs. PCa1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking Prostate Carcinogenesis over Time through Urine Proteome Profiling in an Animal Model: An Exploratory Approach

Moreira‐Pais

Nogueira-Ferreira

Reis

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most lethal diseases in men, which justifies the search for new diagnostic tools. The aim of the present study was to gain new insights into the progression of prostate carcinogenesis by analyzing the urine proteome. To this end, urine from healthy animals and animals with prostate adenocarcinoma was analyzed at two time points: 27 and 54 weeks. After 54 weeks, the incidence of pre-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions in the PCa animals was 100%. GeLC-MS/MS and subsequent bioinformatics analyses revealed several proteins involved in prostate carcinogenesis. Increased levels of retinol-binding protein 4 and decreased levels of cadherin-2 appear to be characteristic of early stages of the disease, whereas increased levels of enolase-1 and T-kininogen 2 and decreased levels of isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 describe more advanced stages. With increasing age, urinary levels of clusterin and corticosteroid-binding globulin increased and neprilysin levels decreased, all of which appear to play a role in prostate hyperplasia or carcinogenesis. The present exploratory analysis can be considered as a starting point for studies targeting specific human urine proteins for early detection of age-related maladaptive changes in the prostate that may lead to cancer.

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The laboratory rat: age and body weight matter

Cited by 46 publications

References 104 publications

Quantitative aspects of nitric oxide production from nitrate and nitrite

Quantitative aspects of nitric oxide production from nitrate and nitrite

Metabolic Rewiring by Human Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy Promotes Rejuvenation in Aged Female Rats

Tracking Prostate Carcinogenesis over Time through Urine Proteome Profiling in an Animal Model: An Exploratory Approach

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