The L1Md long interspersed repeat family in the mouse: almost all examples are truncated at one end

Voliva, Charles F.; Jahn, Carolyn L.; Comer, Mary B.; Hutchison, Clyde A.; Edgell, Marshall H.

doi:10.1093/nar/11.24.8847

Cited by 146 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Long interspersed repeated DNA families [LINE (6) or Li families (7)] are one class of highly repeated DNA families that together account for a third or more of various mammalian genomes (6,8). Although the evolutionary origin and present day function of LINE DNA is not known, this class of sequences, like other highly repeated interspersed sequences, must have possessed at some time, or have been unusually susceptible to, one or more means of amplification and transposition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Target sites for the transposition of rat long interspersed repeated DNA elements (LINEs) are not random

Furano¹,

Somerville²,

Tsichlis

et al. 1986

Nucl Acids Res

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The long interspersed repeated DNA family of rats (LINE or LIRn family) contains about 40,000 6.7-kilobase (kb) long members (1). LINE members may be currently mobile since their presence or absence causes allelic variation at three single copy loci (2, 3): insulin 1, Moloney leukemia virus integration 2 (Mlvi-2) (4), and immunoglobulin heavy chain (Igh). To characterize target sites for LINE insertion, we compared the DNA sequences of the unoccupied Mlvi-2 target site, its LINE-containing allele, and several other LINE-containing sites. Although not homologous overall, the target sites share three characteristics: First, depending on the site, they are from 68% to 86% (A+T) compared to 58% (A+T) for total rat DNA (5). Depending on the site, a 7-to 15-bp target site sequence becomes duplicated and flanks the inserted LINE member. The second is a version (O or 1 mismatch) of the hexanucleotide, TACTCA, which is also present in the LINE member, in a highly conserved region located just before the A-rich right end of the LINE member.The third is a stretch of alternating purine/pyrimidine (PQ). The A-rich right ends of different LINE members vary in length and composition, and the sequence of a particularly long one suggests that it contains the A-rich target site from a previous transposition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, amplification of different ancestral LINE families has occurred during the evolution of these species. Since the rat LINE family is much more homogeneous (1) than those in mice or primates (7,(9)(10)(11), it seems that the rat LINE family has been amplified, or rectified, quite recently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Target sites for the transposition of rat long interspersed repeated DNA elements (LINEs) are not random

Furano¹,

Somerville²,

Tsichlis

et al. 1986

Nucl Acids Res

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“…Like the LIMd repetitive sequence, in which portions closest to the 3' end are most abundant [15], the repetitive sequence that we have described may often be truncated at one end. If this is the case, the sequences located on the left side of the BE fragment must have a frequency similar to or higher than that of the BE sequence (except in the case of the BE fragment corresponding to one of the extremities).…”

Section: Hybridization Of the Subclones With M Musculus Digest Dnamentioning

confidence: 82%

Studies of a novel repetitive sequence family in the genome of mice

Decoville

Malfoy

Locker

1988

European Journal of Biochemistry

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A new middle repetitive sequence is described in the mouse genome. It has been revealed with a recombinant clone isolated from a Mus musculus BamHI gene library constructed in pBR322 and containing an insertion of 1.73 kb. When digests of genomic DNA were subjected to Southern blot hybridization, using the 1.73-kb insert as probe, we obtained a light smear and discrete bands, indicating a dispersion in the mouse genome of this sequence. This 1.73-kb sequence seems to be a part of a greater repetitive sequence at least 6 kb in length.The sizes of the bands hybridizing with the 1.73-kb insert are similar when compared between different laboratory strains but differ remarkably between the two species M. musculus and Mus caroli. We have shown also a great variation in the copy number of the sequence studied between these two species. When rat DNA is probed with the 1.73-kb insert, no hybridization is observed.Subcloning of the 1.73-kb sequence in three fragments has pointed out that the reiteration was not homogeneous along the 1.73-kb sequence.The 1.73-kb clone was sequenced and compared with other interspersed repetitive sequences, previously described in the rodent genome, and no homology was found.Eukaryotic genomes are characterized by repetitive DNA sequence families, which constitute a major part of the genome and have been widely investigated. These repetitive DNA sequences are interspersed with single-copy DNA sequences and there is a great diversity in the size, organisation and copy number of this DNA. In the mouse genome repetitive DNAs vary in length from a few to thousands of base pairs. This defines two groups of sequences: the SINE and LINE families in the terminology of Singer [1]. The SINE family is characterized by short interspersed repetitives and includes the B1 family, which is homologous to the Alu sequences identified in the human DNA and the B2 sequences [2]. Nucleic acid hybridization studies have demonstrated that these sequences are present in about lo5 copies by haploid genome in the mouse; their role remains unknown.Members of the long-class family can be more than 5 kb in length and are present in about lo5 copies in the haploid genome of the mouse. One of the major families of long interspersed repeats is the L1 family, which was first described by Brown and Dover [3] as MIF1. In the human genome its equivalent is the Kpn family [4].An additional group of interspersed repetitive sequences is related to retroviral proviruses. These include the endogenous murine leukemia virus [5], related provirus genes for intracisternal A particles [6], virus-like 30-related sequences [7], solitary long terminal repeat elements [8] and early transposon-like sequences [9].

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“…In mice, one of the major families of long interspersed repeats is the LI family § (15), which has also been called the BamHI or MIF-I family (16,17). LIMd family members range up to 7 kb in length (17) and are homologous to the primate LI family, previously called the Kpn I family (18,19), which has also been characterized in some detail (see ref.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Individual family members apparently extend random distances in the 5' direction from a conserved, A-rich 3' end point (15,17). This particular model could explain how the repeat family can avoid being taken over by copies that have acquired termination codons or frameshifts, yet are still transcribed, because the exchange requires a functional protein product of the transcript.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A large interspersed repeat found in mouse DNA contains a long open reading frame that evolves as if it encodes a protein.

Martin¹,

Voliva²,

Burton³

et al. 1984

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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DNA sequence analysis of a region contained within a large, interspersed repetitive family of mice reveals a long open reading frame. This sequence extends 978 base pairs between two stop codons, creating a reading frame that is open for 326 amino acids. The DNA sequence in this region is conserved between three distantly related Mus species, as well as between mouse and monkey, in a manner that is characteristic of regions undergoing selection for protein function.Interspersed repetitive elements are ubiquitous in the DNA of higher eukaryotes. They are found in organisms as diverse as frogs (1), sea urchins (2), flies (3), birds (4), rodents (5), and humans (6); nevertheless, the reason for their existence is not understood. Hypotheses concerning their contribution to the normal patterns of gene expression in differentiated cells range from a model in which they are seen as the main perpetrators of regulation (7,8) (11,16,20) and primates (19,(21)(22)(23) 2308The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact.

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The L1Md long interspersed repeat family in the mouse: almost all examples are truncated at one end

Cited by 146 publications

References 25 publications

Target sites for the transposition of rat long interspersed repeated DNA elements (LINEs) are not random

Target sites for the transposition of rat long interspersed repeated DNA elements (LINEs) are not random

Studies of a novel repetitive sequence family in the genome of mice

A large interspersed repeat found in mouse DNA contains a long open reading frame that evolves as if it encodes a protein.

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