Abstract. The properties and calibrations of the Washington system are investigated by synthetic photometry techniques. First, passband reconstruction is attempted using photometric and spectrophotometric observations of a sample of individual stars. Preliminary results indicate changes in position and width of the default passbands published by Canterna & Harris (1979), but more complete samples of observed data are necessary to refine the transformations. Second, synthetic CMT1T2 photometry reproduces well the high efficiency of the system for the determination of temperatures and metal abundances of late-type stars. While theoretical colors from the Kurucz new grid of model atmosphere spectra are in very good agreement with most of the empirical results (e.g. Geisler et al. 1991a), we find that the effects of missing ultraviolet opacity still present in the theoretical stellar spectra published by Buser &¿ Kurucz (1992) show up more pronouncedly in the Washington colors than in UBV.