The Koukopoulos mixed depression rating scale (KMDRS) and the assessment of mixed symptoms during the perinatal period

Koukopoulos, Alexia E.; Chiara, Lavinia De; Simonetti, Alessio; Kotzalidis, Georgios D.; Janiri, Delfina; Manfredi, Giovanni; Angeletti, Gloria; Sani, Gabriele

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.080

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Further uncertainty comes from the fact that the aforementioned literature lacks an assessment of several subforms of depression, which embed distinct psychopathology, phenotypes, and courses. In recent years, greater attention has been given to a specific form of depression named “mixed depression” [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Mixed depression endorses core features of depression, i.e., depressed mood, anhedonia, and lack of interest with excitatory symptoms, namely, psychomotor agitation, inner tension, racing or crowded thoughts, early insomnia, and lack of retardation [ 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, greater attention has been given to a specific form of depression named “mixed depression” [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Mixed depression endorses core features of depression, i.e., depressed mood, anhedonia, and lack of interest with excitatory symptoms, namely, psychomotor agitation, inner tension, racing or crowded thoughts, early insomnia, and lack of retardation [ 20 , 21 ]. Psychomotor agitation is present in many cases, but not in all.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mixed depression is also associated with younger age at onset, more family history of BD, and poorer response to treatments [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Mixed depression is characterized by more severe depressive symptoms, worse outcome, lower family quality of life, poorer global functioning, more externalizing problems, increased presence of comorbidities, and greater suicide risk than non-mixed depression [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Such greater illness burden might be driven by its excitatory compounds [ 32 ], which may be subsided by a more dysregulated neurobiological substrate [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mixed Depression in the Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: Correlation between Excitatory Symptoms in Depression and Physical Burden after COVID-19

et al. 2023

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The relationship between depression and post-COVID-19 disease syndrome (post-COVID-19 syndrome) is established. Nevertheless, few studies have investigated the association between post-COVID-19 syndrome and mixed depression, i.e., a specific sub-form of depression characterized by high level of excitatory symptoms. Aims of the present study are: (a) to compare the post-COVID-19 syndrome’s burden in depressed and non-depressed patients, and (b) to investigate the correlation between post-COVID-19 syndrome’s burden and the severity of mixed depression. One thousand and forty six (n = 1460) subjects with post-COVID-19 syndrome were assessed. Subjects were divided into those with (DEP) or without (CONT) depression. Sociodemographically, post-COVID-19 syndrome’s symptoms number and type were compared. In DEP, association between levels of excitatory symptoms and the presence of post-COVID-19 syndrome’s symptoms were additionally assessed. DEP showed greater percentages of family history of psychiatric disorders than CONT. DEP showed higher percentages of post-COVID-19 symptoms than CONT. A greater level of excitatory symptoms were associated to higher frequencies of post-COVID-19 syndrome’ symptoms. Higher levels of post-COVID-19 syndrome’s symptoms in DEP corroborate the evidence of a common pathway between these two syndromes. Presence of excitatory symptoms seem to additionally add a greater illness burden. Such findings might help clinicians choose the appropriate treatment for such states. More specifically, therapies aimed to treat excitatory symptoms, such as antipsychotics and mood stabilizers, might help reduce the illness burden in post-COVID-19 patients with mixed depression.

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