The Korean Baekdudaegan Mountains: A Glacial Refugium and a Biodiversity Hotspot That Needs to Be Conserved

Chung, Mi Yoon; Son, Sung-Won; Suh, Gang Uk; Herrando‐Moraira, Sonia; Lee, Cheul Ho; López‐Pujol, Jordi

doi:10.3389/fgene.2018.00489

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, survival and migration of this tapeworm depended on its hosts, which were forced to retreat to the refugial area during unfavourable conditions of LGM. In Asia, the Korean Baekdudaegan mountains and southern China have probably served as refugial areas during the Pleistocene, mainly for the boreal and temperate flora (Chung, Lopez‐Pujol, & Chung, ; Chung et al, ; López‐Pujol, Zhang, Sun, Ying, & Ge, ). In central Europe, it was the Carpathian refugium which played an important role in survival of many temperate species of mammals, reptiles or amphibians which could be hosts for S. erinaceieuropaei (e.g., Sommer & Nadachowski, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of two mitochondrial DNA genes inSpirometra erinaceieuropaei(Cestoda: Diphyllobothridae) from Poland

Kołodziej‐Sobocińska

Stojak

Kondzior

et al. 2019

J Zool Syst Evol Res

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The tapeworm species Spirometra erinaceieuropaei was documented mainly in Asia and Europe. In recent years, plerocercoid larvae (spargana) of this parasite have been found in different hosts in north‐eastern Poland. The evolutionary history and way of S. erinaceieuropaei spreading across Eurasia have been not described yet. However, this phenomenon could be closely related to the evolutionary history and migration routes of studied tapeworm host species. We investigated the genetic variability and divergence pattern among S. erinaceieuropaei populations in intermediate and paratenic hosts from north‐eastern Poland based on complete mitochondrial sequences of cytochrome b (cytb) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) genes. Analysis of 319 consolidated sequences of these two genes showed no genetic structure across study area. Comparison of sequences from Poland and China showed distinct separation of S. erinaceieuropaei populations from these two regions. They split from their common ancestor approximately 28.6 million years ago. Demographic expansion of Polish population of S. erinaceieuropaei started from glacial refugia approximately 12.5 thousand years ago, and recent population expansion has been observed in the tapeworm population from north‐eastern Poland.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of two mitochondrial DNA genes inSpirometra erinaceieuropaei(Cestoda: Diphyllobothridae) from Poland

Kołodziej‐Sobocińska

Stojak

Kondzior

et al. 2019

J Zool Syst Evol Res

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“…1) is regarded as a sort of 'backbone' because it stretches across the peninsula with over 1,600 km. The BDDG is a biodiversity hotspot primarily due to its role as a Pleistocene refugium (Borzée et al, 2017;Chung et al, 2017Chung et al, , 2018a. We found a pattern of high within-population (expected heterozygosity, mean H e P = 0.159) and low to moderate between-population allozyme-based genetic differentiation (mean G S T = 0.175) in 16 plant species centered in the BDDG (Chung et al, 2017).…”

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confidence: 50%

The genetically healthy terrestrial orchid <i>Liparis krameri</i> on southern Korean Peninsula

Chung

Son

et al. 2019

Korean J. Pl. Taxon

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Neutral genetic diversity found in plant species usually leaves an indelible footprint of historical events. Korea's main mountain range (referred to as the Baekdudaegan [BDDG]), is known to have served as a glacial refugium primarily for the boreal and temperate flora of northeastern Asia. In addition, life-history traits (life forms, geographic range, and breeding systems) influence the within-and among-population genetic diversity of seed plant species. For example, selfing species harbor significantly less within-population genetic variation than that of predominantly outcrossers. A previous study of two Liparis species (L. makinoana and L. kumokiri) emphasizes the role of the abovementioned factors shaping the levels of genetic diversity. Liparis makinoana, mainly occurring on the BDDG and self-incompatible, harbors high levels of within-population genetic diversity (expected heterozygosity, H e P = 0.319), whereas there is no allozyme variation (H e P = 0.000) in L. kumokiri, which is self-compatible and mainly occurs in lowland hilly areas. To determine if this trend is also found in other congeners, we sampled five populations of L. krameri from the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and investigated the allozyme-based genetic diversity at 15 putative loci. The somewhat intermediate levels of within-population genetic variation (H e P = 0.145) found in L. krameri are most likely due to its occurrence in mountainous areas that, despite being outside of the main ridge of the BDDG, still served as refugia, and a self-incompatible breeding system. Management strategies are suggested for L. krameri and L. makinoana based on the levels and distribution of genetic diversity and inbreeding.

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“…Recently, the function of the Korean Peninsula as a shelter for biodiversity has been emphasized, because of its topography that includes several core mountains (Chung et al, 2018). In-depth studies should be conducted on the biodiversity conservation functions (e.g., provision of shelter) of these small, heterogeneous patches and on their long-term changes.…”

Section: Characteristics Of the New Floristic Zonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Korean Peninsula, which is topographically composed of around 80% mountains, is characterized by a backbone mountain range (the Baekdudaegan Mountains) running from north to south with sub‐ranges branching off. The major mountains (≥1,000 m above sea level) are considered a single glacial refugium based on altitude rather than latitude, and they have a mixture of boreal and temperate flora (Chung, López‐Pujol, & Chung, 2017; Chung et al., 2018; Kim, Chung, Kim, Kim, & Lee, 2014). The botanical importance of peninsulas and mountainous regions is well established because of their topographic characteristics (Médail & Diadema, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redefining floristic zones in the Korean Peninsula using high‐resolution georeferenced specimen data and self‐organizing maps

Jung

Cho

2020

Ecology and Evolution

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The use of biota to analyze the distribution pattern of biogeographic regions is essential to gain a better understanding of the ecological processes that cause biotic differentiation and biodiversity at multiple spatiotemporal scales. Recently, the collection of high‐resolution biological distribution data (e.g., specimens) and advances in analytical theory have led to the quantitative analysis and more refined spatial delineation of biogeographic regions. This study was conducted to redefine floristic zones in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and to better understand the eco‐evolutionary significance of the spatial distribution patterns. Based on 309,333 distribution data of 2,954 vascular plant species in the Korean Peninsula, we derived floristic zones using self‐organizing maps. We compared the characteristics of the derived regions with those of historical floristic zones and ecologically important environmental factors (climate, geology, and geography). In the clustering analysis of the floristic assemblages, four distinct regions were identified, namely, the cold floristic zone (Zone I) in high‐altitude regions at the center of the Korean Peninsula, cool floristic zone (Zone II) in high‐altitude regions in the south of the Korean Peninsula, warm floristic zone (Zone III) in low‐altitude regions in the central and southern parts of the Korean Peninsula, and maritime warm floristic zone (Zone IV) including the volcanic islands Jejudo and Ulleungdo. Totally, 1,099 taxa were common to the four floristic zones. Zone IV showed the highest abundance of specific plants (those found in only one zone), with 404 taxa. Our study improves floristic zone definitions using high‐resolution regional biological distribution data. It will help better understand and re‐establish regional species diversity. In addition, our study provides key data for hotspot analysis required for the conservation of plant diversity.

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The Korean Baekdudaegan Mountains: A Glacial Refugium and a Biodiversity Hotspot That Needs to Be Conserved

Cited by 28 publications

References 20 publications

Genetic diversity of two mitochondrial DNA genes inSpirometra erinaceieuropaei(Cestoda: Diphyllobothridae) from Poland

Genetic diversity of two mitochondrial DNA genes inSpirometra erinaceieuropaei(Cestoda: Diphyllobothridae) from Poland

The genetically healthy terrestrial orchid <i>Liparis krameri</i> on southern Korean Peninsula

Redefining floristic zones in the Korean Peninsula using high‐resolution georeferenced specimen data and self‐organizing maps

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