The knowns and many unknowns of CNS immunity in teleost fish

Mani, A. K.; Salinas, Irene

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2022.10.013

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…In teleosts, the brain consists of three major regions: the forebrain (or prosencephalon), the midbrain (or mesencephalon), and the hindbrain (also known as the rhombencephalon) [ 16 ]. The forebrain is further divided into the telencephalon (which contains the olfactory bulbs), the telencephalic hemispheres, and the diencephalon ( Figure 1 ), the latter of which contains the pituitary gland, thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal body.…”

Section: General Anatomy Of the Teleost Fish Brain And Neurovascular ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two major barriers exist within the brain cavity: the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) and the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB tightly regulates the transport of ions, molecules, and cells between the systemic circulation and the CNS parenchyma, blocking the entry of harmful compounds or cells without restricting the transcerebral movement of essential molecules [ 16 ]. In teleost fish (as in humans), the BBB is formed by vascular (or capillary) endothelial cells.…”

Section: General Anatomy Of the Teleost Fish Brain And Neurovascular ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their role in regulating the BBB, particularly in teleosts, needs to be more appreciated. In both teleosts and mammals, oligodendrocytes originate from a specific progenitor motor neuron (pMN) domain in the ventral spinal cord [ 16 ]. These pMN domain oligodendrocyte progenitors form oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), which further differentiate into oligodendrocytes following their migration towards axonal tracts [ 16 ].…”

Section: General Anatomy Of the Teleost Fish Brain And Neurovascular ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Knowns and unknowns of TiLV-associated neuronal disease

Kembou-Ringert,

Hotio,

Steinhagen

et al. 2024

Virulence

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Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) is associated with pathological changes in the brain of infected fish, but the mechanisms driving the virus’s neuropathogenesis remain poorly characterized. TiLV establishes a persistent infection in the brain of infected fish even when the virus is no longer detectable in the peripheral organs, rendering therapeutic interventions and disease management challenging. Moreover, the persistence of the virus in the brain may pose a risk for viral reinfection and spread and contribute to ongoing tissue damage and neuroinflammatory processes. In this review, we explore TiLV-associated neurological disease. We discuss the possible mechanism(s) used by TiLV to enter the central nervous system (CNS) and examine TiLV-induced neuroinflammation and brain immune responses. Lastly, we discuss future research questions and knowledge gaps to be addressed to significantly advance this field.

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Section: General Anatomy Of the Teleost Fish Brain And Neurovascular ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: General Anatomy Of the Teleost Fish Brain And Neurovascular ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: General Anatomy Of the Teleost Fish Brain And Neurovascular ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Knowns and unknowns of TiLV-associated neuronal disease

Kembou-Ringert,

Hotio,

Steinhagen

et al. 2024

Virulence

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“…The brain, being the principal organ of a vertebrate's central nervous system, regulates the life activities of an organism. Damage or infection to the brain can have numerous adverse effects on various organ systems in fish [17]. Under hypoxia, energy synthesis pathways within the brains of darkbarbel catfish (Pelteobagrus vachelli) are inhibited, impacting energy-dependent biological processes [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome Analysis of Brain and Skin Reveals Immune Responses to Acute Hypoxia and Reoxygenation in Pseudobagrus ussuriensis

Liu,

Li,

Cao

et al. 2024

Animals

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Pseudobagrus ussuriensis is an unscaled fish that is more susceptible to skin damage than scaled fish. To investigate the impacts of hypoxia and reoxygenation on skin and brain immunity, juvenile P. ussuriensis were subjected to hypoxia conditions (DO: 0.8 ± 0.05 mg/L) for durations of 0, 3, 6, and 12 h, followed by 12 h of reoxygenation (DO > 6 mg/L). Histological analysis showed a significant increase in the number of skin mucosal cells after 12 h of hypoxia and a significant decrease after 12 h of reoxygenation when compared to the control group. As the duration of hypoxia increased, an increase in antioxidant (SOD, CAT, GSH, MDA) and immune (cortisol, LZM) physiological parameters of the skin and brain appeared. The results of transcriptomic studies showed that the number of differential genes was greater in skin than in brain. Most of the immune pathways in both tissues under hypoxia conditions were all nonspecific immunity (TNF, IL-17, chemokines), while both tissues maintained their homeostasis through active energy supply and cell cycle regulation. Meanwhile, both physiological parameters and RNA transcriptome results showed that 12 h of reoxygenation could not completely eliminate the negative effects of 12 h of hypoxia. This study offers new insights into the immune responses of P. ussuriensis skin and brain during acute hypoxia and reoxygenation.

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