The knowledge base of the oculomotor system

Land, Michael F.; Furneaux, Sophie M.

doi:10.1098/rstb.1997.0105

Cited by 314 publications

(261 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Since human action is associated with a visual-motor delay (Hayhoe and Ballard, 2005;Land, 2006), a visual buffer of 0,80 to 2,00 seconds is used in locomotion (Land and Furneaux, 1997;Wilkie and Wann, 2003;Wilkie et al, 2008). Considering a visual buffer of one second, participants in our current experiment should have looked approximately 2,5 meter in front of them in the slowest condition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The visual control of bicycle steering: The effects of speed and path width

Vansteenkiste

Cardon

D’Hondt

et al. 2013

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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Although cycling is a widespread form of transportation, little is known about the visual behaviour of bicycle users. This study examined whether the visual behaviour of cyclists can be explained by the twolevel model of steering described for car driving, and how it is influenced by cycling speed and lane width. In addition, this study investigated whether travel fixations, described during walking, can also be found during a cycling task. Twelve adult participants were asked to cycle three fifteen meter long cycling lanes of 10, 25 and 40cm wide at three different self-selected speeds (i.e., slow, preferred and fast). Participants' gaze behaviour was recorded at 50Hz using a head mounted eye tracker and the resulting scene video with overlay gaze cursor was analyzed frame by frame. Four types of fixations were distinguished: (1) travel fixations, (2) fixations inside the cycling lane (path), (3) fixations to the final meter of the lane (goal), and (4) fixations outside of the cycling lane (external). Participants were found to mainly watch the path (41%) and goal (40%) region while very few travel fixations were made (<5%). Instead of travel fixations, an optokinetic nystagmus was revealed when looking at the near path. Large variability between subjects in fixation location suggests that different strategies were used. Wider lanes resulted in a shift of gaze towards the end of the lane and to external regions, whereas higher cycling speeds resulted in a more distant gaze behaviour and more travel fixations. To conclude, the two-level model of steering as described for car driving is not fully in line with our findings during cycling, but the assumption that both near and far regions are necessary for efficient steering seems valid. A new model for visual behaviour during goal directed locomotion is presented.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The visual control of bicycle steering: The effects of speed and path width

Vansteenkiste

Cardon

D’Hondt

et al. 2013

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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“…Here again all 1058 trials without missing data are included. When performing everyday tasks our eyes are usually directed at the object or objects that are relevant for what we are doing at that moment Johansson et al 2001;Land et al 1999;Land and Hayhoe 2001;Triesch et al 2003), or toward positions at which critical information is expected to become available (e.g., information about how a ball bounces; Land and Furneaux 1997;Land and McLeod 2000). We could therefore tentatively conclude from Fig.…”

Section: Eye Movementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of variability in interceptive movements

Brenner

Smeets

2009

Exp Brain Res

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In order to successfully intercept a moving target one must be at the right place at the right time. But simply being there is seldom enough. One usually needs to make contact in a certain manner, for instance to hit the target in a certain direction. How this is best achieved depends on the exact task, but to get an idea of what factors may limit performance we asked people to hit a moving virtual disk through a virtual goal, and analysed the spatial and temporal variability in the way in which they did so. We estimated that for our task the standard deviations in timing and spatial accuracy are about 20 ms and 5 mm. Additional variability arises from individual movements being planned slightly differently and being adjusted during execution. We argue that the way that our subjects moved was precisely tailored to the task demands, and that the movement accuracy is not only limited by the muscles and their activation, but also-and probably even mainlyby the resolution of visual perception.

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“…Similarly, different action intentions direct attention differently to object features for processing (e.g., Bekkering & Neggers, 2002;Fischer & Hoellen, 2004;Symes, Tucker, Ellis, Vainio, & Ottoboni, 2008). Eye movements during visually guided actions shed further light on the close relationship between vision, action and language (Land & Furneaux, 1997;Johansson, Westling, Bäckström, & Flanagan, 2001). For example when humans interact with objects, their eyes move ahead of their hands to support the on-line control of grasping (e.g., Bekkering & Neggers, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%