The King's Two Maps

Birkholz, Daniel

doi:10.4324/9780203505427

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Smallwood 2009). It has also been suggested that it is based on an earlier original estimated to date from around 1280 with the surviving version being a revised copy (Birkholz 2004(Birkholz , 2006.…”

Section: Historical Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ‘lost’ islands of Cardigan Bay, Wales, UK: insights into the post-glacial evolution of some Celtic coasts of northwest Europe

Haslett

Willis

2022

atlgeo

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A 13th –14th-century map held in the Bodleian Library (the Gough Map and the oldest map of Great Britain) shows two ‘lost’ islands in Cardigan Bay offshore west Wales, United Kingdom. This study investigates historical sources, alongside geological and bathymetric evidence, and proposes a model of post-glacial coastal evolution that provides an explanation for the ‘lost’ islands and a hypothetical framework for future research: (1) during the Pleistocene, Irish Sea ice occupied the area from the north and west, and Welsh ice from the east, (2) a landscape of unconsolidated Pleistocene deposits developed seaward of a relict pre-Quaternary cliffline with a land surface up to ca. 30 m above present sea-level, (3) erosion proceeded along the lines of a template provided by a retreating shoreline affected by Holocene sea-level rise, shore-normal rivers, and surface run-off from the relict cliffline and interfluves, (4) dissection established islands occupying cores of the depositional landscape, and (5) continued down-wearing, marginal erosion and marine inundation(s) removed the two remaining islands by the 16th century. Literary evidence and folklore traditions provide support in that Cardigan Bay is associated with the ‘lost’ lowland of Cantre’r Gwaelod. The model offers potential for further understanding post-glacial evolution of similar lowlands along northwest European coastlines.

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Section: Historical Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ‘lost’ islands of Cardigan Bay, Wales, UK: insights into the post-glacial evolution of some Celtic coasts of northwest Europe

Haslett

Willis

2022

atlgeo

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“…Daniel Birkholz has suggested a connection between the Gough map and the Hundred Rolls enquiry of 1279-1280, but this enquiry was made on the basis of single or pairs of counties, as already indicated, and these units would not have been large enough to provide sufficient settlements at the density actually employed. 25 In any case, the suggestion from the present results is that larger areas were involved. Even if these areas cannot be identified with complete certainty, the results presented are difficult to understand unless it is assumed that the country was divided into a series of regions that were surveyed as units to provide data that could be combined to produce a map of the whole country.…”

Section: Implications Of Systematic Placement Errorsmentioning

confidence: 54%

The Medieval Gough Map, Its Settlement Geography and the Inaccurate Representation of Wales

Bower¹

2015

Imago Mundi

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A detailed study was made of the distribution of settlements in England and Wales as shown on the medieval Gough map of Britain and of the accuracy of their placement. No evidence of clustering is found in the choice of settlements in England, which are more uniformly dispersed than expected even for a random distribution. This suggests that whoever constructed the map was aiming for a uniform distribution in order to make it easier to refer to localities not shown. Evidence is found that suggests that the map was constructed from a series of regional 'surveys', including maps, which were individually more accurate than the resultant map of England and Wales overall. The strange shape of Wales, and in particular the absence of any indication of Cardigan Bay, is attributed to an especially poor combination of three regional surveys, each of a similar accuracy to those of the regions of England. Lesser distortions of the outline of England can be partly attributed to similar errors in the assembly of the regional surveys. The possible methods of construction of the map are discussed in the light of these results. A number of misidentifications of settlements on the map came to light in the course of these investigations.

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“…In a vertical alignment reminiscent of medieval itineraries, 47 the Exodus is self-contained on the Hereford Map. It has beginning, middle, end -flight, wandering, arrival -and so offers a completed movement.…”

Section: Promised Landingmentioning

confidence: 99%