The kinetics of the oxidation of Al in oxygen at high temperature

Beck, A.; Heine, Martha; Caule, E. J.; Pryor, M. J.

doi:10.1016/s0010-938x(67)80066-0

Cited by 139 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Several researchers have studied the thermal oxidation of aluminum and found that an air-formed oxide film develops when aluminum is heated in air or oxygen to a temperature above 723 K. An amorphous oxide film is formed initially and then -alumina crystals develop at the metal-oxide interface. [1][2][3][4] As the oxidation temperature increases, the crystallinealumina is gradually transformed from the amorphous aluminum oxide by the inward diffusion of oxygen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermally-Formed Oxide on Aluminum and Magnesium

Shih

Liu

2006

Mater. Trans.

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Pure aluminum and magnesium cube samples were heated at a specific temperature for a given time after being polished by abrasive papers. The amorphous layer that formed on the sample surface was transformed into a crystallized oxide film during the heating and holding period. We discuss how this thermally-formed oxide film progressively developed on the surface of the cubic samples. Gibbsite (Al(OH) 3 ) forms on pure aluminum during the initial stage of heating, after which it is then transformed to complex oxides, diaspore and -alumina. After an extended holding time at 883 K, the thermally-formed oxide film will be comprised of gibbsite, diaspore, -Al 2 O 3 and -alumina. This thermally-formed oxide film is compact and contains evenly-distributed microchannels. With pure magnesium, the transformation of periclase from brucite is associated with the formation of microcracks. In this study we use TGA (thermo-gravimetric analysis) to describe the progressive development of complex oxides and periclase films on pure Al and Mg respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermally-Formed Oxide on Aluminum and Magnesium

Shih

Liu

2006

Mater. Trans.

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“…The rate of this oxide growth may be controlled by oxygen diffusion, alloy element diffusion or both [19,25,34]. Meanwhile, Figure 5 indicates the results of fused metal part.…”

Section: Oxide Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Al alloys have been reported to exhibit poor resistance to high temperature oxidation, especially in the region of the welded joint [17]. A study by Maggiolino and Schmid [18] showed that at temperature greater than 500 °C, oxide formation on the surface of most 6000-series Al alloys leads to significant mass gain causing metal loss and degradation of its mechanical properties [19,20]. Additionally, the nature, composition, structure, and thickness of the oxide depend on the environmental conditions and alloy composition [18,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of temperature on the surface and subsurface of Al-Mg-Si welded joints

Hussin¹,

Lah²

2017

J. MECH. ENG. SCI.

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Al-Mg-Si (6061) Al alloy represents a widely used light material which is highly dependent on the distribution of its alloying element. Yet, when it involved a welded structure, the performance was absolutely dissimilar due to the influence of alloying element from filler metal addition, especially when it is subjected to high temperature environment. Thus, the study focuses on the surface and subsurface oxide growth patterns, its morphologies, and phases that formed after oxidation exposure. The plates were joined by GMAW using Al-5%Mg (ER5356) filler metal, and then subjected to an oxidation process in air environment at 400 °C, 500 °C and 600 °C for 40 h; their mass gains were then measured. The oxidised parent and fused metal parts were subsequently analysed using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction technique (XRD). It was observed that with the increasing temperature, the fused metal parts exhibited different oxide morphologies on both surface and subsurface compared to the parent metal parts. Additionally, the less oxidation attack was found after exposure at 400 °C and poor oxidation behaviour showed at 500 and 600 °C. The -Al2O3 phase was detected in both parent and fused metal samples after exposure at 400, 500, and 600 °C. Meanwhile, contradicted observation showed that the MgO phase was detected in fused metal part responsible for the poor oxidation behaviour. Thus, this would lead to a formation of non-protective oxide on the fused metal surfaces. This study suggested that the 6061 welded structure can withstand at 400 °C for long periods in air without serious deterioration but could not withstand exposure to 500 and 600 °C conditions in air.

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“…The oxide film formed is initially amorphous and -alumina crystals develop at the metaloxide interface. [2][3][4][5] Shih et al conducted thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray powder diffractometer analysis on pure aluminum samples that had been heated in an air atmosphere from room temperature to 883 K. They found an apparent weight gain at 832 K due to the transformation of gibbsite to diaspore. They found the thermally formed oxide films to be comprised of complex oxides: gibbsite, diaspore, -Al 2 O 3 , and -Al 2 O 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermally Formed Oxides on Al-2 and 3.5 mass% Mg Alloys Heated and Held in Different Gases

Chen

Shih

2009

Mater. Trans.

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Weight changes in Al-2 and 3.5 mass% Mg alloy samples were measured by thermogravimetric analysis. X-ray diffractometer tests were used to investigate the progressive development of thermally formed oxide films on the samples. Both samples were first heated in a dry air atmosphere. The oxide film formed on the Al-2 mass% sample comprised -alumina, MgO, MgAl 2 O 4 , and gibbsite. The film formed on the Al-3.5 mass% sample contained large quantities of MgO, but no MgAl 2 O 4 .The samples were then heated in a nitrogen gas atmosphere for <1:9 h. The Al-3.5 mass% sample contained greater amounts of gibbsite and -alumina than did the Al-2 mass% sample. The latter yielded a greater amount of AlN (and/or MgO). After an extended holding time ($6 h), the Al-3.5 sample contained a greater amount of AlN (and/or MgO), and its weight increased remarkably. The as-cast samples containing the Al-3.5 mass%Mg cube had a higher percentage of foggy film compared to those containing an Al-2 mass%Mg cube. Oxide films that are readily formed during melting tend to be trapped in aluminum alloy castings.

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The kinetics of the oxidation of Al in oxygen at high temperature

Cited by 139 publications

References 19 publications

Thermally-Formed Oxide on Aluminum and Magnesium

Thermally-Formed Oxide on Aluminum and Magnesium

Effects of temperature on the surface and subsurface of Al-Mg-Si welded joints

Thermally Formed Oxides on Al-2 and 3.5 mass% Mg Alloys Heated and Held in Different Gases

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