The kinetics of the hydrothermal growth of ZnO nanostructures

Ashfold, Michael N. R.; Doherty, Rachel P.; Ndifor-Angwafor, Nche George; Riley, D. Jason; Sun, Ye

doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2007.03.122

Cited by 188 publications

(185 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This is critical in the synthesis process. If the HMTA simply hydrolyzed very quickly and produced a large amount of OH -in a short period of time, the Zn 2+ ions in solution would precipitate out quickly owing to the high pH environment, and this eventually would result in fast consumption of the nutrient and prohibit the oriented growth of ZnO nanowires [87]. From reactions (8) and (9), NH 3 -the product of the decomposition of HMTA-plays two essential roles.…”

Section: Growth Mediated By Hexamethylenetetramine (Hmta) Aqueous Solmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the initial stage, the growth rate is relatively high because of the high supersaturation degree of growth nutrient. With prolonged hydrothermal treatment, the reaction reaches a certain equilibrium, and the solution composition is no longer thermodynamically favorable for formation of Zn(OH) 2 that can subsequently dehydrate into ZnO [87], and the rate of ZnO dissolution is faster than the rate of formation [174]. As discussed previously, the polar surfaces will be dissolved preferentially since this decreases the system energy during the subsequent aging process, and that gradually leads to the formation of ZnO nanotubes [183,185], as illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: Tubes/ringsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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One-dimensional ZnO nanostructures: Solution growth and functional properties

2011

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One-dimensional (1D) ZnO nanostructures have been studied intensively and extensively over the last decade not only for their remarkable chemical and physical properties, but also for their current and future diverse technological applications. This article gives a comprehensive overview of the progress that has been made within the context of 1D ZnO nanostructures synthesized via wet chemical methods. We will cover the synthetic methodologies and corresponding growth mechanisms, different structures, doping and alloying, positioncontrolled growth on substrates, and finally, their functional properties as catalysts, hydrophobic surfaces, sensors, and in nanoelectronic, optical, optoelectronic, and energy harvesting devices.

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Section: Growth Mediated By Hexamethylenetetramine (Hmta) Aqueous Solmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tubes/ringsmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-dimensional ZnO nanostructures: Solution growth and functional properties

2011

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“…It is a general acceptance that the role of HMT is to supply the hydroxyl ions to drive the precipitation reaction [55]. Apart from that, some also opine that HMT acts as a buffer as the rate of its hydrolysis decreases with increasing pH and vice versa [56].…”

Section: Nanowires and Nanorods Andres-vergés Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal growth of ZnO nanostructures

Baruah

Dutta

2009

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

1,011

492

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One-dimensional nanostructures exhibit interesting electronic and optical properties due to their low dimensionality leading to quantum confinement effects. ZnO has received lot of attention as a nanostructured material because of unique properties rendering it suitable for various applications. Amongst the different methods of synthesis of ZnO nanostructures, the hydrothermal method is attractive for its simplicity and environment friendly conditions. This review summarizes the conditions leading to the growth of different ZnO nanostructures using hydrothermal technique. Doping of ZnO nanostructures through hydrothermal method are also highlighted.

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“…Of particular interest for device applications is the growth of ZnO nanorod arrays (NRAs) from low temperature, aqueous deposition techniques [10] which, over the past decade, has seen morphological improvements in alignment and uniformity through the introduction of precursor ZnO seed layers [11] , pH control of the growth environment [12,13] , additive incorporation [14] , as well as manipulation of growth variables including duration and temperature [15][16][17][18] . Efforts to implement nanorod arrays into bulk heterojunction hybrid organic-inorganic photovoltaics (hPV) have led to improved devices attributed to improvements in charge collection [19,20] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZnO Nanorod Arrays as Electron Injection Layers for Efficient Organic Light Emitting Diodes

Faria

Campbell

McLachlan

2015

Adv Funct Materials

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Nanostructured oxide arrays have received significant attention as charge injection and collection electrodes in numerous optoelectronic devices. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods have received particular interest owing to the ease of fabrication using scalable, solution processes with a high degree of control of rod dimension and density. Here we implement vertical ZnO nanorods as electron injection layers in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) for display and lighting purposes. Implementing our nanorods into devices with an emissive polymer, poly(9,9-dioctyluorene-altbenzothiadiazole) (F8BT) and poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorene-alt-N-(4-butylphenyl)dipheny-lamine) (TFB) as an electron blocking layer, brightness and efficiencies up to 8600 cd/m 2 and 1.66 cd/A were achieved. We highlight simple solution processing methodologies combined with post-deposition thermal processing to achieve complete wetting of the nanorod arrays with the emissive polymer. The introduction of TFB to minimize charge leakage and non-radiative exciton decay results in dramatic increases to device yields and provides an insight into the operating mechanism of these devices. We demonstrate the detected emission originates from within the polymer layers with no evidence of ZnO band-2 edge or defect emission. The work represents a significant development for the ongoing implementation of ZnO nanorod arrays into efficient light emitting devices.

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The kinetics of the hydrothermal growth of ZnO nanostructures

Cited by 188 publications

References 33 publications

One-dimensional ZnO nanostructures: Solution growth and functional properties

One-dimensional ZnO nanostructures: Solution growth and functional properties

Hydrothermal growth of ZnO nanostructures

ZnO Nanorod Arrays as Electron Injection Layers for Efficient Organic Light Emitting Diodes

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