The Kinetics of Hexose Formation from Trioses in Alkaline Solution<sup>1</sup>

Berl, Walter G.; Feazel, Charles E.

doi:10.1021/ja01149a044

Cited by 28 publications

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“…The rate of formation of the spectrum in a 1.0% solution of D,L-glyceraldehyde in 0.010A'sodium hydroxide a t 25' C. is shown in Figure 3. Also shown in this figure is the curve for the formation of ketohexoses from D,L-glyceraldehyde under the same conditions, as measured with the anthrone reagent (2). The rate of chromogen production from dihydroxyacetone under the same conditions was found to be approximately the same, but the amount of chromogen produced was much greater (cf.…”

Section: Experimental Workmentioning

confidence: 78%

Sugar Analysis, Ultraviolet Spectra of Sugars in Alkaline Solution

Berl¹,

Feazel²

1954

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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The ultraviolet absorption spectra which are produced in alkaline solutions of some of the simple sugars have been measured. Investigation of these spectra shows that they are not due to the presence of reductone or pyruvaldehyde, as has previously been supposed. The chromogen responsible for the spectra, which was isolated by partition chromatography, is also responsible for the brown color which develops in alkaline sugar solutions. It is suggested that this chromogen is the result of condensation of compounds produced by the fragmentation of sugars in alkaline solution.

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Section: Experimental Workmentioning

confidence: 78%

Sugar Analysis, Ultraviolet Spectra of Sugars in Alkaline Solution

Berl¹,

Feazel²

1954

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…A considerable body of evidence is available indicating that during brain development there are quantitative and qualitative changes in the metabolic patterns shown by the use of precursors of glutamate and related amino acids (Berl, 1965;Patel & Balazs, 1970; Van den Berg, 1970). In addition to the three synthases we have assayed several other of the enzymes-in the developing brain that may play a role in the metabolic patterns of amino acids.…”

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confidence: 99%

Short-chain fatty acid synthesis in brain. Subcellular localization and changes during development

Reijnierse

Veldstra

Ber

1975

Biochemical Journal

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Acetyl-CoA synthase (EC 6.2.1.1), Propionyl-CoA synthase (EC 6.2.1.-) and butyryl-CoA synthase (EC 6.2.1.2) were measured in subcellular fractions prepared by primary and density-gradient fractionation from adult rat brain by a method resulting in recoveries close to 100%. Most of the activity of the three enzymes was recovered in the crude mitochondrial fraction. On subfractionation of this crude mitochondrial fraction with continuous sucrose density gradients, most of the activity of the three enzymes was found at a higher density than NAD+-isocitrate dehydrogenase and at about the same density as glutamate dehydrogenase, confirming earlier reported data for acetyl-CoA synthase. The finding that propionyl-CoA synthase and butyryl-CoA synthase had about the same distribution in the gradients as acetyl-CoA synthase adds support to the hypothesis that mitochondria involved in the metabolism of these short-chain fatty acids (all three of which have been shown to result in a rapid and high labelling of glutamine in vivo) form a distinct subpopulation of the total mitochondrial population. The three synthase activities were found to differ from each other in their rate of change and their subcellular localization during rat brain development. This, in combination with the observation that in gradients of adult brain preparations the three activities did not completely overlap, suggests that the three synthase activities are not present in the same proportion to each other in the same subpopulation (s) of mitochondria in the brain.

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“…17 Figure 1b shows that DHA concentration decreases only slightly with more negative applied potential at pH = 1, while at pH = 3 and 6, DHA decreases substantially when the potential is more negative than −0.75 V versus RHE. In addition to direct DHA reduction, this could be associated with side reactions, such as isomerization between DHA and GA 18 and aldol condensation of both trioses to hexoses 19 (Figure S3), as a result of the alkaline local pH caused by the increased hydrogen evolution and dehydroxylation reactions (Table S2). At pH = 1, high proton concentration attenuates the rise in local pH, thereby suppressing the possible side reactions.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Reduction of the Simplest Monosaccharides: Dihydroxyacetone and Glyceraldehyde

et al. 2020

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Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) and glyceraldehyde (GA)the simplest monosaccharides in natureare both essential building blocks in organic synthesis. There have been detailed investigations on the selective production of DHA and GA through the platinum-catalyzed electrochemical oxidation of glycerol, which is a surplus byproduct from biodiesel. However, less attention has been paid to the electrochemical behavior of DHA and GA themselves. Here, we report the electrochemical reduction of DHA and GA at different pH on platinum and palladium electrodes. Palladium exhibits a superior activity toward both the dehydroxylation and hydrogenation of DHA and GA. Using online high-performance liquid chromatography, we show that both DHA and GA display a two-step reduction. In particular, DHA is reduced first to acetol and then sequentially to acetone, while GA is first reduced to 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-HPA), followed by hydrogenation to 1,3-propanediol. The reduction of both molecules is accompanied by a poisoning of the catalyst surface. In situ Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy measurements suggest adsorbed carbon monoxide as the poisoning species, resulting from the dissociative adsorption of DHA and GA. Mechanistic reaction pathways for both DHA and GA reduction are proposed and discussed.

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The Kinetics of Hexose Formation from Trioses in Alkaline Solution¹

Abstract: For large values of the time (i.e., greater than about an hour) equation ( 15) reduces to Show more

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Sugar Analysis, Ultraviolet Spectra of Sugars in Alkaline Solution

Sugar Analysis, Ultraviolet Spectra of Sugars in Alkaline Solution

Short-chain fatty acid synthesis in brain. Subcellular localization and changes during development

Electrochemical Reduction of the Simplest Monosaccharides: Dihydroxyacetone and Glyceraldehyde

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The Kinetics of Hexose Formation from Trioses in Alkaline Solution1

Abstract: For large values of the time (i.e., greater than about an hour) equation ( 15) reduces to Show more

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Sugar Analysis, Ultraviolet Spectra of Sugars in Alkaline Solution

Sugar Analysis, Ultraviolet Spectra of Sugars in Alkaline Solution

Short-chain fatty acid synthesis in brain. Subcellular localization and changes during development

Electrochemical Reduction of the Simplest Monosaccharides: Dihydroxyacetone and Glyceraldehyde

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Product

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The Kinetics of Hexose Formation from Trioses in Alkaline Solution¹