The kinetics and mechanism of selective iron chlorination of an ilmenite ore

Fouga, Gastón G.; Pasquevich, D. M.; Bohé, Ana E.

doi:10.1179/174328507x163779

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…It was determined that the yield of FeCl 3 was always one third of the Fe 2þ conversion. This was because O 2À ions cannot be replaced by Cl À below 600 C. 23,24) Two third of the Fe 3þ remained in combination with O 2À to meet the charge balance in the oxide lattice. The weight loss determined was in good agreement with the measured amount of Fe 3þ chlorinated.…”

Section: Oxidation Of Synthetic Ilmenitementioning

confidence: 99%

Low Temperature Phase Transition of Ilmenite during Oxidation by Chlorine

Wang

Wei

2009

Mater. Trans.

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The phase transition of natural and synthetic ilmenite during oxidation by Cl 2 at 390-560 C was characterized. The ilmenite phase was converted to crystallographic shear (CS) phases during the oxidation. One third of the Fe 2þ in the ilmenite phase was converted to FeCl 3. The remaining Fe 2þ was oxidized to Fe 3þ in the CS phases. The CS phase obtained from synthetic ilmenite was the Fe 2 Ti 3 O 9 (M 5 O 9) phase. A small amount of Mg 2þ impurity in natural ilmenite caused the resulting structure to be the M 13 O 23 structure when it was oxidized to the CS phase at temperatures up to 490 C, with the M 5 O 9 structure also formed at temperatures above 540 C. The presence of Mg 2þ was crucial in determining the particular structure of the CS phase and its thermal stability. These observations provide a useful way to get an oxidation product with a particular structure of the CS phase. They showed that there can be significant effects on the phase transition and thermal stability of the products from the presence of an impurity element.

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Section: Oxidation Of Synthetic Ilmenitementioning

confidence: 99%

Low Temperature Phase Transition of Ilmenite during Oxidation by Chlorine

Wang

Wei

2009

Mater. Trans.

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“…Ilmenite modified by H 2 S was exploited by Zou et al as recyclable magnetic sorbent for the recovery of Hg up to five cycles, revealing highly efficient sorption of Hg in the temperature range 40–100 °C [10] . Generally, sulphate process and chloride process are well‐known for production of TiO 2 from ilmenite [11–12] . As the name indicates, in the first process the ilmenite is dissolved in sulphuric acid followed by Fe removal and hydrolyzed the titanium sulphate to hydrated TiO 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Investigation alongwith the Statistical Evaluation for the Characterization of Ilmenite Mineral by X‐ray Fluorescence Spectrometry and Optical Emission Spectrometry

2021

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A comparative investigation on characterization of ilmenite manuscript was performed by energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF) and carrier distillation direct current arc atomic emission spectrometry (D.C. Arc AES) along with the statistical evaluation of the data obtained. 5 % AgCl was used as carrier in AES to avoid spectral interference arising out of the emission rich matrix elements. An exercise was performed to evaluate the total uncertainty associated with the methodology for characterization of base reference materials. The developed methodologies were validated using synthetic samples. ∼30 % Fe and ∼35 % Ti as major elements alongwith Ca, Mg, Cr, Si, Al, Ni, Mn, V, Zr, Eu, Mo, Na and Cd as minor and trace level were reported in real ilmenite samples. Student t test was performed at 95 % confidence limit with 10 degrees of freedom revealed that the null hypothesis persisted, i. e. the data obtained by both the methods are reliable and within the limit of statistical fluctuation. The F test on variance revealed that all the variance estimated for all the analytes were less than the critical value (Fc=2.98) and hence the variance is also within the statistical fluctuation

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“…Therefore, the consumption efficiency of chlorine gas and the purity of TiCl4 can be improved by adding synthetic rutile with relatively high TiO2 content through the process of upgrading the ilmenite ore. Although a lot of studies on this selective chlorination method of ilmenite have been reported, there is a limit to clearly identify the rate-controlling step [1][2][3][4][5]. In this study, the reaction kinetics was analyzed by applying the unreacted nuclear model, and the variation in rate-controlling step on the selective chlorination of Fe in ilmenite ore through the addition of chlorine gas and coke was investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Study of Selective Chlorination of Iron in Ilmenite Ore

2020

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The selective chlorination of ilmenite with coke and chlorine gas was conducted in the fixed bed reactor and effects of coke content and reaction temperature on reaction rate were investigated. In particular, the chlorination rate of iron in ilmenite was simulated by the unreacted shrinking core model. The reaction rate was simulated by calculating the chlorine gas consumption rate as the unreacted core shrinks. In addition, each of reaction resistances that chemical reaction at the reaction interface, diffusion through the product layer, and boundary film mass transfer resistances were calculated. The simulated reaction rates were in good agreement with the experimental results and the rate controlling step changed as the chlorination reaction progressed. Furthermore, the diffusion resistance through the product layer was dominant at lower reaction temperature, whereas the chemical reaction was dominant as the reaction temperature increased. It is because the diffusion of chlorine gas through the product layer could be hindered at lower reaction temperatures. Key words: Ilmenite, Selective chlorination, Synthetic rutile, Shrinking core model

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The kinetics and mechanism of selective iron chlorination of an ilmenite ore

Cited by 11 publications

References 22 publications

Low Temperature Phase Transition of Ilmenite during Oxidation by Chlorine

Low Temperature Phase Transition of Ilmenite during Oxidation by Chlorine

A Comprehensive Investigation alongwith the Statistical Evaluation for the Characterization of Ilmenite Mineral by X‐ray Fluorescence Spectrometry and Optical Emission Spectrometry

Kinetic Study of Selective Chlorination of Iron in Ilmenite Ore

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