The kinetic profile of clinical and laboratory findings and treatment outcome of patients with toxocariasis

Phuc, Le Dinh Vinh; Hai, Tang Xuan; Loi, Cao Ba; Quang, Huynh Hong; Vinh, Le Duc; Le, Tran-Anh

doi:10.1111/tmi.13665

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…In a more recent Vietnamese study, TBZ was administered at a dosage of 50 mg/kg b/w daily for 7 days. In total, 79% of the 80 patients achieved cure, and 33.8% reported known side effects (see above) which were mostly neurological [93].…”

Section: Thiabendazole (Tbz)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In patients presenting with a more severe clinical picture and treated with TBZ, the optimal point for follow-up was 3 months. Longer follow-up durations only induced a marginal increase in the success rate [93]. Moreover, reinfections might occur if preventive measures are not fully implemented by patients, thus hindering the assessment of anthelmintic efficacy [71].…”

Section: Drug Of Choice Treatment Regimens and Therapeutic Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This phenomenon is attributed to the lysis of the worms in their adult or larval stages and is significantly related to the parasitic load [133]. When present, it resolved within 1 month in a series of toxocariasis patients [93]. An elevated level of serum total IgE over 500 IU/mL is recognized as a valuable indicator of the presence of tissue-dwelling helminths, including Toxocara spp.…”

Section: Drug Of Choice Treatment Regimens and Therapeutic Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…larvae [28,35]. Because post-treatment kinetics of IgE are far slower than that of eosinophil count, the mean serum concentration of this class of immunoglobulin remained unchanged within 1 month after anthelmintic treatment [85] but regressed significantly within 3 months [93]. Therefore, assessment of the concentration of serum total IgE should be performed during post-treatment follow-up.…”

Section: Drug Of Choice Treatment Regimens and Therapeutic Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Therapy and Prevention for Human Toxocariasis

2022

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For the last four decades, knowledge about human toxocariasis with regard to its epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical spectrum, and imaging or laboratory diagnosis has substantially progressed. Knowledge about specific therapy with anthelmintics has lagged behind. To date, only four drugs are registered for human use, and their efficacy has rarely been assessed in prospective controlled trials. It is likely that the repurposing of potent anthelmintics from veterinary medicine will improve this situation. Due to its wide availability and a lack of major side effects during short regimens, albendazole has become the drug of choice. However, its efficacy should be more precisely assessed. The role of anthelmintics in the treatment of neurological or ocular toxocariasis remains to be clarified. Prophylactic measures in humans or companion animals are efficient and represent first-line treatments for the control of this zoonosis. Unfortunately, their implementation in areas or countries where toxocariasis epidemiology is driven by poverty is quite difficult or unrealistic.

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Section: Thiabendazole (Tbz)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Drug Of Choice Treatment Regimens and Therapeutic Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Drug Of Choice Treatment Regimens and Therapeutic Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Drug Of Choice Treatment Regimens and Therapeutic Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Therapy and Prevention for Human Toxocariasis

2022

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“…Neurological form (neurotoxocariasis) may cause disturbances in the central nervous system, including cerebral vasculitis, meningitis, meningoencephalitis, seizures, and cognitive impairment ( 5 , 17 , 18 ). Cutaneous manifestations (urticaria, pruritus, erythematous rush) accompanied by eosinophilia have been associated with toxocariasis ( 19 , 20 ). For instance, a case of eosinophilic panniculitis (EP) in a 5-year-old Brazilian girl was associated to toxocariasis ( 21 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One health approach to toxocariasis in Brazilian indigenous populations, their dogs, and soil contamination

Santarém,

Doline,

Ferreira

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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IntroductionAlthough socioeconomic vulnerability and lifestyle factors may contribute to the transmission of Toxocara spp., no study has investigated indigenous populations in Brazil using the One Health approach.MethodsAccordingly, this study assessed anti-Toxocara spp. antibodies in Brazilian indigenous people and healthcare professionals by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Presence of Toxocara spp. eggs (feces and hair) in dogs as definitive hosts and in soil samples of the indigenous communities were also recovered and molecularly investigated.ResultsOverall, 342/463 (73.9%) indigenous individuals and 46/147 (31.3%) non-indigenous healthcare professionals were seropositive for Toxocara spp. In addition, T. canis eggs were retrieved from 9/194 (4.6%) dog fecal samples and 4/204 (2.0%) dog hair samples, mainly from the Paraná State communities (3/42; 7.1%). Soil contamination was observed only in the Paraná State communities (36/90; 40.0%), with the molecular detection of T. canis. River water consumption was also associated with indigenous seropositivity (Odds ratio, 11.4).DiscussionIndigenous individuals in Paraná State communities were 2.72-fold more likely to be seropositive than those in São Paulo State, likely due to a lack of sanitary infrastructure. In this scenario, a primarily soil-transmitted disease may also have become waterborne, with embryonated eggs probably spread to water supplies by rain. Full-time healthcare professionals in daily contact with indigenous communities were 9.2-fold more likely to be seropositive than professionals who visited sporadically, suggesting exposure to Toxocara spp. during their work and raising health concerns. In addition, the findings herein showed a significantly higher seroprevalence in indigenous people than in healthcare workers (χ2 = 85.5; p < 0.0001), likely due to overtime exposure to Toxocara spp. In conclusion, Brazilian indigenous communities are highly exposed to toxocariasis, with poor infrastructure and contact with contaminated river water as associated risk factors and a higher risk of infection in healthcare professionals working full-time in these communities.

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The seroprevalence of toxocariasis and related risk factors in children in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: results from a school-based cross-sectional study

Ha,

Vo,

Dang

et al. 2024

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Background Children are especially vulnerable to Toxocara infection and its severe complications; however, there have not been any published data on the disease prevalence and treatment effectiveness in the population of Vietnamese children. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of toxocariasis and explore factors associated with Toxocara infection in children aged 3–15 y in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study using a multistage cluster sampling approach in public schools. Blood samples were collected, and toxocariasis cases were confirmed, based on a history of contact with dogs/cats and positive anti-Toxocara antibody detection via ELISA. We calculated the percentage of seropositive children across gender, grade levels, districts and caregiver education. Multiple regression models were employed to identify potential risk factors. Results Anti-Toxocara antibodies were found in 14.2% of the 986 children studied. Significant variations in seropositivity were observed across grade levels, districts and caregiver education levels. Multivariable analysis identified caregiver education, contact with dogs/cats and improper handling of pet feces as seropositivity risk factors. Conclusion This was the first community-based prevalence study of toxocariasis in a pediatric population in Vietnam. Implementation of preventive measures such as public education, routine fecal examinations and chemotherapeutic treatment of animals is highly recommended.

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The kinetic profile of clinical and laboratory findings and treatment outcome of patients with toxocariasis

Cited by 4 publications

References 27 publications

Therapy and Prevention for Human Toxocariasis

Therapy and Prevention for Human Toxocariasis

One health approach to toxocariasis in Brazilian indigenous populations, their dogs, and soil contamination

The seroprevalence of toxocariasis and related risk factors in children in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: results from a school-based cross-sectional study

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