The Kinematics of Jumping of Globular Springtail

Sudo, Seiichi; Shiono, Masahiro; Kainuma, Toshiya; Shirai, Atsushi; Hayase, Toshiyuki

doi:10.5226/jabmech.3.85

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(17 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It has been suggested [8,9,13,14] that the strategies and mechanisms involved in jumping vary between species that have distinct segmentation and are cylindrical in shape (such as Orchesella cincta and Tomocerus spp. ), and those with fused segmentation which are globular in shape (such as Sminthurus spp.).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…M: manubrium; D: dens; BR: basal rod; BS2: basal sclerite 2; BS3: basal sclerite 3; BP1: basal plate 1; BP2: basal plate 2; BP3: basal plate 3; BR: basal rods; fms: furcular manubrium sclerite; dm: membrane of dens; dl: dens lock; pmm: posterior membrane of manubrium; FMZ: furcular manubrial zone; PLMZ: posterolateral manubrial zone; ADZ: anterior zone of dens sclerites. According to Sudo et al [9], the elastic energy produced is stored in the muscles and subsequently released as kinetic energy, but there is no mention of which muscles specifically. I propose that the energy is stored in BP1, BP2 and BP3 and their respective sclerites (BR, BS2 and BS3), and also in the potential energy storage zones demarcated in the furca (Figs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is widely accepted that the retinaculum acts as a trigger, and by holding the furca permits the creation of the spring mechanism [8][9][10][12][13][14]. According to Manton [10], the distension of the retinaculum is the result of the hydrostatic pressure generated by the trunk muscles, while its retraction is mediated by the action of the muscles directly connected to it (M.IIIa-ret).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the most remarkable features of these animals is their ability to jump in order to escape from predators, a feat only made possible by a highly sophisticated device (Fig. 1) [8,9]. Describing it superficially, this apparatus is essentially composed of a propulsion organ, the furca, and a retinaculum where the furca is held until the moment of the jump.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

On springtails (Hexapoda: Collembola): a morphofunctional study of the jumping apparatus

Oliveira

2022

Front Zool

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Springtails (Hexapoda: Collembola) are tiny organisms that lead a hidden life, mostly occuring deep in the soil and on leaf litter. They have a variety of interesting body morphology patterns, the most famous of which is the catapult-like structure that enables them to jump and flee from predators. This highly specialized jumping apparatus consists of a mobile furca, which when at rest fits into a trigger, "the retinaculum" on the ventral side of the abdomen. Despite the many studies that have attempted to investigate the jumping apparatus, the actual mechanisms involved in the jump, for example the way in which the furca is released by the retinaculum, how and where the mechanisms of spring and hydrostatic pressure originate, are still not properly understood. The morphology of the jumping apparatus of Orchesella cincta was investigated in detail using confocal laser scanning microscopy and MicroCT techniques for 3D reconstruction. Results The morphology of O. cincta with both flexed and extended furca is analysed and described. The abdominal musculature involved in the jumping mechanism and relevant structures of the exoskeleton of retinaculum and furca are described in detail. With the data obtained in this study, hypotheses can be made about (1) where and how the spring and hydrostatic pressure mechanisms originate; (2) which muscles act on the extension and flexion of the furca; (3) which muscles act on the retinaculum and (4) how the retinaculum is released from the furca. Conclusions The comparative morphological study proved informative, and shows how springtail jumping involves mechanisms unique to this taxon. Hydrostatic pressure regulation possibly varies between animals with distinct segmentation, and those with fused segmentation. Interesting cuticular characters were revealed, such as basal plates and sclerites related to the construction of the spring mechanism. The present study establishes itself as a model option for future morphofunctional studies on springtail’s jumping. Analysis of videos and images using a high speed camera will be useful for understanding how the jump develops through take-off, aerial and landing phases.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

On springtails (Hexapoda: Collembola): a morphofunctional study of the jumping apparatus

Oliveira

2022

Front Zool

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Therefore, extensive investigations on the motion of a great many animals have been conducted [1][2][3]. Authors also have been studying the insect flight [4][5][6][7], insect swimming [8][9][10], and insect jump [11][12][13] from the view point of dynamics. Through our previous studies, authors noticed the importance of the jump in animal evolution from the land to the sky.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Motility and Locomotive Organs of Beach Flea

et al. 2015

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-Some semiterrestrial beach fleas are capable of swimming movement using their pleopods in water. Movements of swimming organ in beach flea were examined by high-speed video camera system. The structural properties of terrestrial beach flea pleopods were studied through the measurements of some morphological parameters. The swimming legs of the beach flea were examined with a color 3D laser scanning microscope. The relation between morphology of pleopod and motility of the beach flea was considered.Index Terms-Bio-mechanics, Hydrodynamics, Beach flea, Swimming, Motility I. INTRODUCTIONIn the developments of biomimetics and bionics, the study of various functions of animals is of fundamental interest and importance with respect to a variety of technical developments. The motility is an important discriminate characteristic of animals. Therefore, extensive investigations on the motion of a great many animals have been conducted [1][2][3]. Authors also have been studying the insect flight [4][5][6][7], insect swimming [8][9][10], and insect jump [11][12][13] from the view point of dynamics. Through our previous studies, authors noticed the importance of the jump in animal evolution from the land to the sky. For example, the springtails jump, and can be carried away to strong wind in the sky.Beach fleas are semiterrestrial, and they inhabit in coastal environments. In beach fleas, the usual way to move is by walking, but jumping is also used to escape from predators or disturbance. The jumping and swimming movements of beach fleas were analyzed by the high-speed video camera system in our previous report [11]. The report, however, presents the results within the limited analysis conditions. Research data on the structural properties and morphological parameters of swimming legs of the beach flea are insufficient and there still remains a large unexplored domain.In this paper, the details of swimming movements of pleopod and morphological parameters in the beach flea are presented. The swimming mechanisms of the beach flea are also discussed. The results obtained here should provide useful clues for future research and the development of micro swimming robots. II. EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS AND PROCEDURES A. Swimming AnalysisThe experiments of the beach flea swimming were conducted by use of a high-speed video camera system (Photron FASTCAM SA5). A block diagram of the experimental apparatus is shown in Fig.1. The experimental apparatus consists of the water container system and the high-speed video camera system. The rectangular container made of the transparent acrylic plastic with dimension 58 mm in height and 7 mm × 54 mm wide was used for free and tethered swimming analyses. The water container is to keep twodimensional movements of beach flea swimming. The container was filled with water for swimming. Swimming movements of beach flea were analyzed in two dimensional coordinate system. A series of frames of free swimming of beach flea were analyzed by a personal computer. A series of frames of leg rowing of ...

show abstract