The kinematics of deformation of the Kenerong Leucogranite and its enclaves at Renyok waterfall, Jeli, Kelantan

Abstract

The Late Cretaceous Kenerong Leucogranite, a component of the Stong Complex exposed near TNB mini power station, at Renyok waterfall, Jeli, Kelantan consists of a sequence of leucogranite vein and metasedimentary enclaves. Here, varieties of structures developed in both rock types. Structural studies indicate the rocks here had undergone at least four phase of defonnation. It is interpreted that the first defonnation (D 1) with the compression from ESE, which was responsible in the development of foliation and reverse faults was related to the regional stress system during the Late Cretaceous time. The second and third defonnation (D 2 and D 3) with the compression from NE sector, that was related to the fonnation of lateral faults system, pinch-and-swell, boudinage, drag folds and small-scale kink folds might be related to the stress system that were generated by the emplacement of the younger granite in the vicinity. The fourth defonnation (D 4), which was responsible for the nonnal faulting by the reactivation of the preexisting faults, was probably related to the relaxation period after the granite intrusion of the area. Abstrak: Leukogranit Kenerong yang berusia Kapur Lewat, satu komponen daripada Kompleks Stong yang tersingkap berhampiran stesen kuasa mini TNB di Air Terjun Sungai Renyok, Jeli Kelantan terdiri daripada satu turutan telerang leukogranit dan metasidimen. Di sini terdapat kepelbagaian structure telah terbentuk dalam kedua-dua jenis batuan, Kajian struktur menunjukkan batuan telah mengalami sekurang-kurangnya empat fasa canggan. Ditafsirkan bahawa canggaan pertama (D 1) dengan arah mampatan dari UTL yang bertanggung jawab dalam pembentukan foliasi dan sesar songsang adalah berkaitan dengan system tegasan rantau semasa Kapur Lewat. Canggaan kedua dan ketiga (D 2 dan D 3) dengan mampatan daripada sector timur laut (TL) yang berkaitan dengan pembentukan system sesar mendatar, rampingdan-ampul, boudinag, lipatan seret dan lipatan kercau berskala kecil boleh dikaitkan dengan system tegasan yang diakibatkan oleh penempatan granit yang lebih muda di kawasan berhampiran. Canggan ke-empat (D 4) yang bertanggung jawab dalam pembentukan sesar nonnal secara pengaktifan semula satah sesar yang sudah sedia ada mungkin berkaitan dengan tempoh pelepasan selepas rejahan granit di kawasan ini.

Late Cretaceous extension and exhumation of the Stong and Taku magmatic and metamorphic complexes, NE Peninsular Malaysia

“…3). Previous studies have shown that this meta-sedimentary sequence is diverse and can be described as meta-clastic with some intercalations of meta-carbonate and amphibolite (Hutchison, 2009;Abdullah and Setiawan, 2003;Singh et al, 1984). It contains hornblende-quartz schists, staurolite-garnet biotite schists, tourmaline bearing mica schists, diopside-phlogopite marbles, sillimanite-garnet-biotite gneiss and amphibolite.…”

“…Four phases of deformation have been proposed through field observations at the classical Renyok waterfall outcrop, which exposes the Kenerong granite and its high-temperature metamorphosed host rock sequence (6i,j in Fig. 3, Abdullah and Setiawan, 2003). Late Cretaceous foliation, isoclinal folding and veining took place during the emplacement of the intrusion and was followed by two phases of NW-SE contraction associated with boudinage, kink, ptygmatic and drag-folding, and (later) normal faulting.…”

“…Mylonites are intruded by at least three sets of leucogranite dykes, while three sets of deformed and boudinaged sills or dykes are parallel or cross-cut the foliation (Searle et al, 2012). It is unclear whether this post-magmatic emplacement resulted from stressrelaxation or from Cenozoic deformation (Abdullah and Setiawan, 2003;Mustaffa Kamal Shuib, 2009b).…”

“…What was previously interpreted as a conformable contact between the Taku Schist and adjacent rocks, and was assumed to involve a short lateral decrease (∼5 km) in burial metamorphism (Hutchison, 2009;Khoo and Lim, 1983) has been proven to be represent a ductile to brittle shear zone associated with a post-orogenic detachment (Md Ali et al, 2016). There is an apparent decrease in metamorphic grade to greenschist-facies meta-sediments and amphibolite at the southern margins of the Stong Complex, while its margins are affected by cataclastic and brittle deformation (Hutchison, 2009;Abdullah and Setiawan, 2003;Singh et al, 1984).…”

Tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia

“…Renyok waterfall consists of a sequence of sub-parallel stretched leucogranite veins and metasedimentary enclaves. Ibrahim Abdullah and Jatmika Setiawan (2003) concluded that the rocks had undergone at least four phases of deformation.…”