The Kidney as Part of the Cardiovascular System

Abstract

Renal vascular damage caused by arterial hypertension brings about changes in the systemic vascular function and structure. Nephrosclerosis appears to run in parallel with systemic atherosclerosis, accounting for the increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients. Parameters indicating a change in renal function (increased serum creatinine concentration, proteinuria, and microalbuminuria) are independent predictors of increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and must therefore be considered in the classification of cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients.

Weak effect of hypertension and other classic risk factors in the elderly who have already paid their toll

“…59 In the study described herein, proteinuria-a clear predictor in men-was not simply a complication of hypertension as suggested by others. 60 In fact, the two conditions were associated only in a limited number of cases (Table 2); the former increased during the folJournal of Human Hypertension low-up while the latter decreased (Table 4), and proteinuria was accepted in the Cox analysis while hypertension was rejected. Proteinuria was, therefore, an independent predictor.…”

Risk factors and metabolic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of uraemic cardiac disease

“…Low serum albumin causes structural and functional abnormalities in the myocardial contractile proteins, actinomyosin and its precursor proteins and is accompanied by an increase in capillary permeability and an attenuated endothelium-dependent response to vasodilator stimuli ( 152) and local microvascular structural and functional changes resulting in an increase in peripheral vascular resistance and subsequent increase in cardiac afterload. Albuminuria is also associated with other well-established risk factors for the development of CHF such as hyperglycaemia, hypertension, smoking, and dyslipidaemia (153)(154)(155). In primary hypertension, it is also associated with factors that increase cardiovascular risk, such as endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and a high body mass index (156).…”

Effect of AT1 receptor blockers on plasma lipid profiles in type 1 diabetic patients with incipient diabetic nephropathy

“…Ona je tako|e i nezavisni marker pro-{irene vaskularne bolesti, a njeno postojanje eksponencijalno pove}ava sklonost ka aterosklerozi za 6%. Osim toga, mladi dijabeti~ari s tipom 1 {e}erne bolesti i McA imaju vi{u stopu mortaliteta od dijabe-ti~ara bez ove komplikacije i ona je oko 80 puta vi{a od mortaliteta op{te populacije (4,5). Mada je u ovoj studiji pra}en efekat valsartana na lipidni profil u seru-UC 577,1; 61 ISSN 0354-3447…”