The Key Gene Expression Patterns and Prognostic Factors in Malignant Transformation from Enchondroma to Chondrosarcoma

Abstract

Enchondroma (EC) is a common benign bone tumor. It has the risk of malignant transformation to Chondrosarcoma (CS). However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. The gene expression profile of EC and CS was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using GEO2R. We conducted the enrichment analysis and constructed the gene interaction network using the DEGs. We found that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the VEGFA-VEGF2R signaling pathway were more active in CS. The CD8+ T cell immunity was enhanced in CS I. We believed that four genes (MFAP2, GOLM1, STMN1, and HN1) were poor predictors of prognosis, while two genes (CAB39L and GAB2) indicated a good prognosis. We have revealed the mechanism in the tumor progression and identified the key genes that predicted the prognosis. This study provided new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of EC and CS.

Bioinformatics Prediction and Experimental Verification Identify CAB39L as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker of Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma

“…CAB39L is a scaffold protein that can interact with STRAD pseudokinase to activate LKB1 tumor suppressive kinase activity [10,24]. Recently, several studies have reported that downregulated CAB39L expression is significantly correlated to poor prognosis and genesis and development of malignant cancers [11,12,25]. In breast cancer and gastric carcinoma, silencing CAB39L facilitated G1/S phase transition and reduced cell apoptosis and thus promoted tumor progression, while overexpression of CAB39L exerted opposite effects [11,12].…”

Chondroma Arising from the Temporomandibular Joint: A Case Report

“…Some cases of chondrosarcoma were thought to arise via the malignant transformation of chondroma [ 12 ]. Recently, some genes were found to be important for the malignant transformation of chondroma by activating mesenchymal transition and the VEGFA-VEGF2R signaling pathway [ 13 ]. MRI findings in the malignant transformation of chondroma, bone edema, periosteal reaction, and soft tissue edema are considered significant [ 14 ].…”

Therapeutic Targets and Emerging Treatments in Advanced Chondrosarcoma

“…Gene mutations in chondrosarcomas can be helpful in investigating new therapeutic approaches and prognostic factors. Associations of several gene mutations with chondrosarcoma progression have been reported [9][10][11][12][13]. Chondrosarcomas frequently have gene mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDH1/2), followed by collagen type II alpha 1 chain (COL2A1) and TP53 (Table 1).…”