The Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey 2012

Abstract

Background Cross-sectional population-based surveys are essential surveillance tools for tracking changes in HIV epidemics. In 2007, Kenya implemented the first AIDS Indicator Survey [Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey (KAIS) 2007)], a nationally representative, population-based survey that collected demographic and behavioral data and blood specimens from individuals aged 15–64 years. Kenya’s second AIDS Indicator Survey (KAIS 2012) was conducted to monitor changes in the epidemic, evaluate HIV prevention, care, and treatment initiatives, and plan for an efficient and effective response to the HIV epidemic. Methods KAIS 2012 was a cross-sectional 2-stage cluster sampling design, household-based HIV serologic survey that collected information on households as well as demographic and behavioral data from Kenyans aged 18 months to 64 years. Participants also provided blood samples for HIV serology and other related tests at the National HIV Reference Laboratory. Results Among 9300 households sampled, 9189 (98.8%) were eligible for the survey. Of the eligible households, 8035 (87.4%) completed household-level questionnaires. Of 16,383 eligible individuals aged 15–64 years and emancipated minors aged less than 15 years in these households, 13,720 (83.7%) completed interviews; 11,626 (84.7%) of the interviewees provided a blood specimen. Of 6302 eligible children aged 18 months to 14 years, 4340 (68.9%) provided a blood specimen. Of the 2094 eligible children aged 10–14 years, 1661 (79.3%) completed interviews. Conclusions KAIS 2012 provided representative data to inform a strategic response to the HIV epidemic in the country.

Cause-specific mortality in the Kombewa health and demographic surveillance systems site, rural Western Kenya from 2011–2015

“…The HDSS is located in a region with known high HIV prevalence (15.6%), three times the nationally reported average of 5.1% [14]. In terms of age, the age group 15–49 years bore the highest burden of HIV/AIDS deaths.…”

“…Routine surveys capture information on individuals and households, including residency, household relationships, births, deaths, migrations (in and out), causes of morbidity (syndromic incidence and prevalence), and causes of death by way of verbal autopsy. The HDSS population is characterized by low economic status and high prevalence of infectious diseases such as TB, HIV, and Malaria [12–14]. The HIV prevalence in the region encompassing the entire HDSS is nearly four times the nationally reported average, with a general prevalence in Kisumu County of 20% as compared to the national prevalence of 5.1% [14].…”

“…The HDSS population is characterized by low economic status and high prevalence of infectious diseases such as TB, HIV, and Malaria [12–14]. The HIV prevalence in the region encompassing the entire HDSS is nearly four times the nationally reported average, with a general prevalence in Kisumu County of 20% as compared to the national prevalence of 5.1% [14]. The burden of Tuberculosis (TB) disease is estimated at 500–600 cases per 100,000 [13].…”

Burden of HIV Infection Among Children Aged 18 Months to 14 Years in Kenya

“…Details of the study are described elsewhere. 17 Briefly, a stratified 2-stage sampling design was used to select household clusters from a national household sampling frame, using systematic random sampling; subsequently, from the clusters, eligible households were selected using equal probability systematic sampling. Because of regional security concerns, the North Eastern region was not included in the sampling frame.…”

Kenya AIDS Indicator Surveys 2007 and 2012

“…KAIS 2012 used the same sampling methods and laboratory-based HIV testing algorithm as KAIS 2007. 17 A z test was used to test for differences in estimates between the 2 surveys, and the difference was considered statistically significant if P was <0.05.…”