The Kamil Crater in Egypt

Folco, Luigi; Martino, M. Di; Barkooky, A. El; D’Orazio, Massimo; Lethy, Ahmed; Urbini, Stefano; Nicolosi, Iacopo; Hafez, Mahfooz; Cordier, Carole; Ginneken, Matthias Van; Zeoli, Antonio; Radwan, Ali M.; Khrepy, Sami El; Gabry, Mohamed El; Gomaa, Mahmoud; Barakat, Aly A.; Serra, R.; Sharkawi, Mohamed El

doi:10.1126/science.1190990

Cited by 53 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…To date, nine circular structures have been discovered in the Eastern Sahara, and all are excavated within the Nubian Sandstone Formation. Five of these structures have been confirmed as impact craters, which are Kamil in Egypt [37]; BP and Oasis in Libya [38,39]; and Aorounga and Gweni-Fada in Chad [40]. None was discovered yet in Sudan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rimaal: A Sand Buried Structure of Possible Impact Origin in the Sahara: Optical and Radar Remote Sensing Investigation

Ghoneim

2018

Remote Sensing

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This work communicates the discovery of a sandy buried 10.5 km diameter near-circular structure in the eastern part of the Great Sahara in North Africa. Rimaal, meaning "sand" in Arabic, is given as the name for this structure since it is largely concealed beneath the Sahara Aeolian sand. Remote sensing image fusion and transformation of multispectral data (from Landsat-8) and synthetic aperture radar (from Sentinel-1 and ALOS PALSAR), of dual wavelengths (C and L-bands) and multi-polarization (HV, VV, HH, and HV), were adopted in this work. The optical and microwave hybrid imagery enabled the combining of surface spectral properties and subsurface roughness information for better understanding of the Rimaal structure. The long wavelength of the radar, in particular, enabled the penetration of desert sands and the revealing of the proposed structure. The structure exhibits a clear outer rim with traces of concentric faults, an annular flat basin and an inner ring surrounding remnants of a highly eroded central peak. Radar imagery clearly shows the interior wall of the structure is incised with radial pattern gullies that originate at or near the crater periphery, implying a much steeper rim wall in the past. In addition, data reveals a circumferential of a paleoriver course that flows along a curved path parallel to the crater's western margin indicating the plausible presence of a concentric ring graben related to the inferred structure. The defined crater boundary is coincident with a shallow semi-circular-like basin in the SRTM elevation data. The structure portrays considerable modifications by extensive long-term Aeolian and fluvial erosion. Residing in the Cretaceous Nubian Sandstone formation suggests an old age of ≤65 Ma for the structure. If proven to be of an impact origin, the Rimaal structure could help in understanding the early evolution of the landscape of the Eastern Sahara and holds promise for hosting economically valuable ore deposits and hydrocarbon resources in the region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rimaal: A Sand Buried Structure of Possible Impact Origin in the Sahara: Optical and Radar Remote Sensing Investigation

Ghoneim

2018

Remote Sensing

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“…The crater was identified by V. De Michele during a Google Earth survey and was named as Kamil. A geophysical expedition undertaken in February 2010 revealed that the crater is bowl shaped and has an upraised rim of 3 m above the pre-impact surface, typical of simple craters [8]. A research team has developed methods that are being used to classify outbreaks, allowing scientists to identify individual organisms that are spreading in the population; using Google Earth, the outbreaks can be easily visualized.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic Field Released in Collision-Impact Events Generate in the Matrix Interface Fractal Scalable Invariant Geometric Triangular Chiral Hexagonal Structures

Diaz¹

2013

OJG

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In biology, cancer is the most beautiful natural model of a chaotic system, which under uncontrolled proliferations, generates extreme disorder that finally causes intercellular collisions. The authors have described and documented fractal self-assembly of geometric triangular chiral hexagonal crystal-like complex organizations (GTCHC) and interface comet tail effect patterns in cancer processes. According to this novel observation cancer incorporates a real visualization world with a great surprising finding in biology, physics, and geology. This visualization platform literally allows us to see what would otherwise remain completely invisible. From theory to practice this irreducible geometric matrix allowed us to identify in geology, real measurable green infrared-electromagnetic stripe line in interface with hexagonal geomorphic pattern, triangular chiral pyramidal rock structures, geology well defined mirror images, template platform to bio signature characterization of ancestral primitive polar head-tail organization, embryoid and human-like shape pattern embedded as giant fossils in rocks that have never been seen before. Electromagnetic field released in collisionimpact events generate in the matrix interphase fractal scalable invariant order of geometric triangular chiral hexagonal structures. The laws of biology and geology can finally be redirected to the laws of physics; specifically magnetic fields create a new kind of classification based on these fractal structural similarities of the relationship. Further interdisciplinary collaboration must be carried out to study these geometric self-assembly geological structures, ancient sediments and rocks that could provide insights into antecedents of life.

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“…[17], and the value of Another terrestrial example is the Kamil Crater, on the border of Egypt with Sudan. Its age is estimated at around 5,000 years before present, which makes it remarkably fresh by geological criteria [18]. The dimensions of the crater have been measured, and its volume can be calculated by Eq.…”

Section: Test Examplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Condensed Matter Analogy of Impact Crater Formation

Celebonovic¹

2015

JEASE

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Impact craters exist on various solid objects in the planetary system. A simplified analogy of the process of their formation is here analyzed by standard solid state physics and the so called dynamic quantized fracture mechanics. An expression which links the crater volume to the parameters of the impactor and the target is obtained within the two approaches. For low impactor energy, this expression is of the same mathematical form as the one resulting from recent experiments. It is shown that the formation of an impact crater is possible even without heating of the target, if the critical stress in the target satisfies certain conditions. The critical value of the stress needed for the occurence of a fracture is calculated for three craters: two terrestrial and one lunar craters. The approach presented here uses only measurable material parameters, and therefore is more realistic than the treatement of the same problem using the cohesive energy of materials.

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The Kamil Crater in Egypt

Cited by 53 publications

References 9 publications

Rimaal: A Sand Buried Structure of Possible Impact Origin in the Sahara: Optical and Radar Remote Sensing Investigation

Rimaal: A Sand Buried Structure of Possible Impact Origin in the Sahara: Optical and Radar Remote Sensing Investigation

Electromagnetic Field Released in Collision-Impact Events Generate in the Matrix Interface Fractal Scalable Invariant Geometric Triangular Chiral Hexagonal Structures

Condensed Matter Analogy of Impact Crater Formation

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