The kaleidoscope of glucorticoid effects on immune system

Zen, Margherita; Canova, Mariagrazia; Campana, Carla; Bettio, Silvano; Nalotto, Linda; Rampudda, Mariaelisa; Ramonda, Roberta; Iaccarino, Leonardo; Doria, Andrea

doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2010.11.009

Cited by 235 publications

(191 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…MMF, an inhibitor of purine biosynthesis, affects T and B lymphocyte proliferation and is known to cause GI adverse side effects (Villarroel et al, 2009). Glucocorticoids exert anti-inflammatory effects through multiple often immune cell-specific mechanisms, including suppression of pro-inflammatory T cells and stimulation of regulatory T cells (Zen et al, 2011). Similarities between the histological effects of GI toxicity induced by MMF and acute GVHD (graftversus-host-disease) affecting the GI tract as well as HIV/AIDS have been pointed out before (Papadimitriou et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune status, antibiotic medication and pH are associated with changes in the stomach fluid microbiota

et al. 2013

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The stomach acts as a barrier to ingested microbes, thereby influencing the microbial ecology of the entire gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The stomach microbiota and the role of human host and environmental factors, such as health status or medications, in shaping its composition remain largely unknown. We sought to characterize the bacterial and fungal microbiota in the stomach fluid in order to gain insights into the role of the stomach in GI homeostasis. Gastric fluid was collected from 25 patients undergoing clinically indicated upper endoscopy. DNA isolates were used for PCR amplification of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes and fungal internal transcribed spacers (ITS). RNA isolates were used for 16S rRNA cDNA generation and subsequent PCR amplification. While all stomach fluid samples are dominated by the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria (499% of sequence reads), the transcriptionally active microbiota shows significant reduction in Actinobacteria (34%) and increase in Campylobacter (444%) (Po0.003), specifically the oral commensal and suspected intestinal pathogen Campylobacter concisus. Bacterial but not fungal diversity is reduced by antibiotic treatment (28%; Po0.02), immunosuppression in transplant recipients and HIV/AIDS patients (42%; Po0.001) and gastric fluid pH 44 (70%; Po0.05). Immunosuppression correlates with decreased abundance of Prevotella (24%), Fusobacterium (2%) and Leptotrichia (6%) and increased abundance of Lactobacillus (3844%) (Po0.003). We have generated the first in-depth characterization of the human gastric fluid microbiota, using bacterial 16S rRNA gene and transcript, and fungal ITS amplicon sequencing and provide evidence for a significant impact of the host immune status on its composition with likely consequences for human health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune status, antibiotic medication and pH are associated with changes in the stomach fluid microbiota

et al. 2013

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“…The glucocorticoids (GCs) induce immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects predominantly through binding to the glucocorticoid receptor (GCR) [18]. It is known that dexamethasone and other GCs can modulate the immune system in a wide variety of ways, with varying mechanisms of action in different cell types [19,20].…”

Section: Biological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immuno-radiotherapy for brain metastases

Denaro¹,

Occelli²,

maria³

et al. 2017

Int Med Care

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Brain metastases (BM) are a lethal consequence of systemic dissemination of cancer. The most common malignancies that metastasize to the brain are lung, breast, and melanoma. Eighty percent of patients present with brain metastases within the cerebral hemispheres; 15% are within the cerebellar hemispheres and 5% are within the brainstem. The incidence of brain metastases is increasing because of better detection from improved imaging techniques (also for staging asymptomatic patients), and more effective systemic treatment regimens that can prolong life, permitting the cancer to disseminate to the brain, a sanctuary site.

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“…However all current drugs are associated with a range of adverse effects including renal toxicity, opportunistic infections, development of malignancy and metabolic complications [5] . A common trait among all these drug classes is the targeting of T cell function [5,[8][9][10] . T cells play an important role in rejection via alloantigen recognition and the direction of an effector response that results in graft damage and dysfunction [11] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenchymal stem cells for kidney transplantation

Lett¹,

Sivanathan²,

Coates³

2014

WJCU

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The long term consequence of immunosuppressive therapy in kidney transplantation has prompted investigation of alternative means to modify the immune response to the allograft. Cell based therapies are potentially attractive as they may provide a long lasting immunomodulatory effect, may repair tissues and reduce the necessity to take immunosuppressive drug therapy. Of the current cell therapies, mesenchymal stem cells have now been trialled in small numbers of human kidney transplantation with apparent safety and potential efficacy. Many issues however need to be resolved before these cells will become mainstays of transplant immunosuppression including ex vivo modification to enhance immunomodulatory properties, cell number, route and frequency of administration as well as cellular source of origin.

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The kaleidoscope of glucorticoid effects on immune system

Cited by 235 publications

References 38 publications

Immune status, antibiotic medication and pH are associated with changes in the stomach fluid microbiota

Immune status, antibiotic medication and pH are associated with changes in the stomach fluid microbiota

Immuno-radiotherapy for brain metastases

Mesenchymal stem cells for kidney transplantation

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