“…For the kaon, because of strangeness conservation, its scattering with nucleons at low energies is dominated by elastic and pion production processes, which do not affect its final yield but changes its momentum spectra. Kaon-nucleon scattering was been studied in detail experimentally [74]. Data were nicely summarized in Ref.…”
Section: Kaon and Antikaon Final-state Interactionsmentioning
The recent past witnesses the growing interdependence between the physics of hadrons, the physics of relativistic heavy-ion collisions, and the physics of compact objects in astrophysics. A notable example is the kaon which plays special roles in all the three fields. In this paper, we first review the various theoretical investigations of kaon properties in nuclear medium, focusing on possible uncertainties in each model. We then present a detailed transport model study of kaon production in heavy-ion collisions at SIS energies. We shall discuss especially the elementary kaon and antikaon production cross sections in hadron-hadron interactions, that represent one of the most serious uncertainties in the transport model study of particle production in heavy-ion collisions. The main purpose of such a study is to constrain kaon in-medium properties from the heavy-ion data. This can provide useful guidances for the development of theoretical models of the kaon in medium. In the last part of the paper, we apply the kaon in-medium properties extracted from heavy-ion data to the study of neutron star properties. Based on a conventional equation of state of nuclear matter that can be considered as one of the best constrained by available experimental data on finite nuclei, we find that the maximum mass of neutron stars is about 2M⊙, which is reduced to about 1.5M⊙ once kaon condensation as constrained by heavy-ion data is introduced.pacs: 25.75. Dw, 97.60.Jd, 26.60.+c, 24.10.Lx
“…For the kaon, because of strangeness conservation, its scattering with nucleons at low energies is dominated by elastic and pion production processes, which do not affect its final yield but changes its momentum spectra. Kaon-nucleon scattering was been studied in detail experimentally [74]. Data were nicely summarized in Ref.…”
Section: Kaon and Antikaon Final-state Interactionsmentioning
The recent past witnesses the growing interdependence between the physics of hadrons, the physics of relativistic heavy-ion collisions, and the physics of compact objects in astrophysics. A notable example is the kaon which plays special roles in all the three fields. In this paper, we first review the various theoretical investigations of kaon properties in nuclear medium, focusing on possible uncertainties in each model. We then present a detailed transport model study of kaon production in heavy-ion collisions at SIS energies. We shall discuss especially the elementary kaon and antikaon production cross sections in hadron-hadron interactions, that represent one of the most serious uncertainties in the transport model study of particle production in heavy-ion collisions. The main purpose of such a study is to constrain kaon in-medium properties from the heavy-ion data. This can provide useful guidances for the development of theoretical models of the kaon in medium. In the last part of the paper, we apply the kaon in-medium properties extracted from heavy-ion data to the study of neutron star properties. Based on a conventional equation of state of nuclear matter that can be considered as one of the best constrained by available experimental data on finite nuclei, we find that the maximum mass of neutron stars is about 2M⊙, which is reduced to about 1.5M⊙ once kaon condensation as constrained by heavy-ion data is introduced.pacs: 25.75. Dw, 97.60.Jd, 26.60.+c, 24.10.Lx
“…The parameterization of Eq. (96) has been motivated by analyzing corresponding pp → pΛK + data [195]. Compared to the ideal 3-body phase space it shifts the kaon spectrum towards lower momenta.…”
The article reviews the physics related to kaon and antikaon production in heavy ion reactions at intermediate energies. Chiral dynamics predicts substantial modifications of the kaon properties in a dense nuclear environment. The status of the theoretical predictions as well as experimental evidences for medium effects such as repulsive/attractive mass shifts for K + /K − are reviewed. In the vicinity of the thresholds, and even more pronounced below threshold, the production of strangeness is a highly collective process. Starting from elementary reaction channels the phenomenology of K + and K − production, i.e. freeze-out densities, time scales etc. as derived from experiment and theoretical transport calculations is presented. Below threshold kaon production shows a high sensitivity on the nuclear compression reached in heavy ion reactions. This allows to put constraints on the nuclear equation-of-state which are finally discussed.
“…Much of these data are available from compilations [30,31,32] but we try to give references to the original data as much as possible [33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53].…”
We have performed a partial-wave analysis of K + -nucleon scattering in the momentum range from 0 to 1.5 GeV/c addressing the uncertainties of the results and comparing them with several previous analyses. It is found that the treatment of the reaction threshold behavior is particularly important. We find a T=0 scattering length which is not consistent with zero, as has been claimed by other analyses. The T=0 phase shifts for ℓ > 0 are consistent with a pure spin-orbit potential. Some indications for the production of a T=0 pentaquark with spin-parity D5/2+ are discussed.
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