The K-beta/K-alpha intensity ratios of some elements at different azimuthal scattering angles at 59.54 keV

Abstract

In this study K-beta/K-alpha (Kβ/Kα) intensity ratios of the elements scandium (Sc), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), bromine (Br), yttrium (Y), zirconium (Zr), and niobium (Nb) have been measured at three azimuthal scattering angles (+30°, 0°, and −30°) for two fixed polar scattering angles (85° and 135°). The elements were excited by 59.54 keV gamma photons emitted from 100 mCi Am241 point source. The obtained experimental values were compared with the theoretical values presented in the literature. It is observed that Kβ/Kα intensity ratios of the investigated elements do not depend on azimuthal angles at fixed polar angles.

FLUKA Simulations of Kβ/Kα Intensity Ratios of Copper in Ag–Cu Alloys

“…The measurements were performed using various experimental methods and under different conditions. Most of the studies were conducted by irradiating the sample with a radioactive source of 241 Am (energy 59.9 keV) [16, 23-37, 48, 50-52], of 109 Cd (22.69 keV) [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41], and of 137 Cs (32.86 keV) [42]. However, the results obtained for X-ray tube [38,43,45,46], Kelectron capture [43], protons (1 MeV, 2 MeV) [44], synchrotron radiation (10 keV) [47] and high-energy electron beam [53] are also available.…”

“…The values of Kβ/Kα intensity ratios are used for estimation the vacancy transfer probability (e.g., transfer of hole from K shell to L shell [5][6][7])) and Kα and Kβ X-ray production cross-sections [8][9][10][11]. In experiments the excitation mediums were mainly radioisotopes: 241 Am [10,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28],…”

“…The values of intensity ratios are used for estimation the vacancy transfer probability (e.g., transfer of hole from K shell to L shell [ 5 , 6 , 7 ])) and and X-ray production cross-sections [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. In experiments the excitation mediums were mainly radioisotopes: 241 Am [ 10 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ], 109 Cd [ 29 , 30 , 31 ], 137 Cs [ 32 , 33 ], 57 Co [ 34 ], and 238 Pu [ 35 ]. X-ray tubes were also used for intensity ratios studies [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ] as well as proton beam [ 40 , 41 ].…”