The journey of Zika to the developing brain

Rombi, Francesca; Bayliss, Richard; Tuplin, Andrew; Yeoh, Sharon

doi:10.1007/s11033-020-05349-y

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 154 publications

(197 reference statements)

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“…Similarly, a human STAT2 knock-in, immunocompetent mouse model shows that a mouse adapted ZIKV strain belonging to African lineage was able to cross the placental barrier and blood-brain barrier [35]. Therefore, transplacental route of transmission from mother to the fetus plays a crucial role in the disease process [36,37]. In our previous study, we showed that ZIKV induces a caspase-dependent trophoblast apoptosis as evidenced by significant increase in percent apoptotic nuclei and caspase 3/7 activation following ZIKV infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palmitoleate Protects against Zika Virus-Induced Placental Trophoblast Apoptosis

et al. 2021

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Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnancy is associated with the development of microcephaly, intrauterine growth restriction, and ocular damage in the fetus. ZIKV infection of the placenta plays a crucial role in the vertical transmission from the maternal circulation to the fetus. Our previous study suggested that ZIKV induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis of placental trophoblasts. Here, we showed that palmitoleate, an omega-7 monounsaturated fatty acid, prevents ZIKV-induced ER stress and apoptosis in placental trophoblasts. Human trophoblast cell lines (JEG-3 and JAR) and normal immortalized trophoblasts (HTR-8) were used. We observed that ZIKV infection of the trophoblasts resulted in apoptosis and treatment of palmitoleate to ZIKV-infected cells significantly prevented apoptosis. However, palmitate (saturated fatty acid) did not offer protection from ZIKV-induced ER stress and apoptosis. We also observed that the Zika viral RNA copies were decreased, and the cell viability improved in ZIKV-infected cells treated with palmitoleate as compared to the infected cells without palmitoleate treatment. Further, palmitoleate was shown to protect against ZIKV-induced upregulation of ER stress markers, C/EBP homologous protein and X-box binding protein-1 splicing in placental trophoblasts. In conclusion, our studies suggest that palmitoleate protects placental trophoblasts against ZIKV-induced ER stress and apoptosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palmitoleate Protects against Zika Virus-Induced Placental Trophoblast Apoptosis

et al. 2021

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“…In line with this, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were identified as important cellular targets of American ZIKV strain infection, and for promoting ZIKV spread 39 . It is important to note that astrocytes are functional elements in the BBB, thus these cells can contribute to propagation and progress of ZIKV infection, causing injury of neural cells through direct infection-induced and/or indirect immune-mediated mechanisms 40 – 42 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika virus exposure affects neuron-glia communication in the hippocampal slices of adult rats

Bobermin

Quincozes‐Santos

Santos

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy was associated with microcephaly in neonates, but clinical and experimental evidence indicate that ZIKV also causes neurological complications in adults. However, the changes in neuron-glial communication, which is essential for brain homeostasis, are still unknown. Here, we report that hippocampal slices from adult rats exposed acutely to ZIKV showed significant cellular alterations regarding to redox homeostasis, inflammatory process, neurotrophic functions and molecular signalling pathways associated with neurons and glial cells. Our findings support the hypothesis that ZIKV is highly neurotropic and its infection readily induces an inflammatory response, characterized by an increased expression and/or release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We also observed changes in neural parameters, such as adenosine receptor A2a expression, as well as in the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neuron-specific enolase, indicating plasticity synaptic impairment/neuronal damage. In addition, ZIKV induced a glial commitment, with alterations in specific and functional parameters such as aquaporin 4 expression, S100B secretion and glutathione synthesis. ZIKV also induced p21 senescence-associated gene expression, indicating that ZIKV may induce early senescence. Taken together, our results indicate that ZIKV-induced neuroinflammation, involving nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor κB (NFκB) pathways, affects important aspects of neuron-glia communication. Therefore, although ZIKV infection is transient, long-term consequences might be associated with neurological and/or neurodegenerative diseases.

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“…ZIKV caused globally widespread infections in regions hospitable to insect vectors in 2015-2016. During this crisis, children of thousands of pregnant women suffered profound neurodevelopmental damage related to ZIKV crossing the placenta and infecting embryonic brain cells (26). This has led to great interest in vaccine development, with a principle goal of high-titer neutralizing Ab (11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteome-Wide Zika Virus CD4 T Cell Epitope and HLA Restriction Determination

et al. 2020

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Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen that caused an epidemic in 2015-2016. ZIKV-specific T cell responses are functional in animal infection models, and helper CD4 T cells promote avid Abs in the vaccine context. The small volumes of blood available from field research limit the determination of T cell epitopes for complex microbes such as ZIKV. The goal of this project was efficient determination of human ZIKV CD4 T cell epitopes at the whole proteome scale, including validation of reactivity to whole pathogen, using small blood samples from convalescent time points when T cell response magnitude may have waned. Polyclonal enrichment of candidate ZIKV-specific CD4 T cells used cell-associated virus, documenting that T cells in downstream peptide analyses also recognize whole virus after Ag processing. Sequential query of bulk ZIKV-reactive CD4 T cells with pooled/single ZIKV peptides and molecularly defined APC allowed precision epitope and HLA restriction assignments across the ZIKV proteome and enabled discovery of numerous novel ZIKV CD4 T cell epitopes. The research workflow is useful for the study of emerging infectious diseases with a very limited human blood sample availability. ImmunoHorizons, 2020, 4: 444-453.

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The journey of Zika to the developing brain

Cited by 15 publications

References 154 publications

Palmitoleate Protects against Zika Virus-Induced Placental Trophoblast Apoptosis

Palmitoleate Protects against Zika Virus-Induced Placental Trophoblast Apoptosis

Zika virus exposure affects neuron-glia communication in the hippocampal slices of adult rats

Proteome-Wide Zika Virus CD4 T Cell Epitope and HLA Restriction Determination

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