THE JOURNEY OF HAJJ DURING THE COLONIAL ERA IN MODERN INDONESIAN LITERATURE: Social and Cultural Studies
Ahmad Bahtiar,
Herman J. Waluyo,
Sarwiji Suwandi
et al.
Abstract:The Hajj pilgrimage is a fundamental component of Islam and represents both societal harmony and profound spiritual value. This study delves into the rich tapestry of social and cultural dimensions surrounding the Hajj journey during the colonial era. The study examines four contemporary Indonesian novels that were published prior to the country's independence:
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