The journey from global to local: norm promotion, contestation and localisation in post-war Kosovo

Abstract

In peacebuilding, international norms travel frequently from the global sphere of international organisations to local contexts -but what happens when international norms touch the ground? This article deals with norm diffusion in post-war Kosovo from the vantage point of the local, making localisation strategies, contestation patterns and translation practices the subject of analysis. It shows that the 'local meaning' of norms can be ambiguous, but nevertheless supportive of the liberal norms promoted by peacebuilding and that norm diffusion is shaped by conditions that are specific to post-war societies. First, norm contestation is influenced by wartime polarisations leading to segregated discursive arenas and by conflict goals that shape local interpretations of international norms. Through strategic emphasis and selection, local agents then aim to build congruence with the conflict goal. The rejection, localisation or acceptance of international norms depends on whether the established local meaning allows congruence building with the conflict goal or not. These claims are based on an empirical analysis of local interpretations (or 'local meaning') of the internationally promoted norms of democracy and minority rights at the municipal level in Kosovo.

Comparing how peace operations enable or restrict the influence of national staff: Contestation from within?

“…Peacebuilding takes place at critical moments, when ideas about future forms of government and policies are in flux. In this context, authors emphasize the ‘normative power’ of local actors who negotiate and contest the meaning of international norms and adjust them to local conflict realities (Groß, 2015; Tholens and Groß, 2015). Authors also problematize that ‘frictions’ can emerge during this process (Millar et al, 2013; Schia and Karlsrud, 2013).…”

Narratives of Support and Resistance: A Political Psychological Analysis of the Implementation of UNSCR 1325 in Bosnia and Herzegovina

“…The failure of implementation is not seen on this horizontal level, but rather on the vertical level of how norms translate (Zimmermann, ; Zwingel, ), localize (Acharaya, ; Tholens & Groß, ), and are appropriated (Großklaus, ) in local contexts, that is, how local contexts influence the meanings of norms (Wiener, ). Some scholars have looked more specifically at the negotiation of norms in the postconflict space (Björkdahl, ; Björkdahl & Gusic, ; Groß, ; Tholens & Groß, ; Zimmermann, ), and these studies show that these spaces open up for substantial negotiation over the prescriptions and parameters of international global norms; it is a time where norms of the past are negotiated against envisioned norms for the future.…”