The Joint Association Between Multiple Dietary Patterns and Depressive Symptoms in Adults Aged 55 and Over in Northern China

Abstract

BackgroundDepression is a common psychiatric disorder in older adults that affects their health-related quality of life. Two percent of adults over the age of 55 suffer from major depression, and the prevalence of depression increases with age. Even in the absence of major depressive disorder, 10–15% of older adults have clinically significant depressive symptoms.ObjectivesEpidemiological studies on the association between different gender eating patterns and depression show inconsistent associations. Our study examined whether different gender eating patterns are related to depression. We consider eating patterns individually and as a joint exposure to predefined eating patterns.MethodsPrincipal component analysis (PCA) was performed on the data of the 24-h diet recall dietary intake, and the dietary pattern was determined. Linear regression models are used to explore the relationship between different diets and depression of men and women; weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, quantile g calculation (qgcomp) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) are performed as Secondary analysis.ResultsIn the dietary patterns model, we found that the vegetable and fruit-based diet has a significant inhibitory effect in women, and the egg-milk-based diet has a significant inhibitory effect in men. We found that when all dietary factors are above the 55th percentile, there is a significant positive correlation between multiple dietary patterns and depression risk. We also determined a positive correlation between meat and obesity risk and a negative correlation between egg and milk and vegetables and fruits.ConclusionsIn the study population, after controlling for other baseline indicators and predictors of dietary pattern exposure, a fruit and vegetable-based diet was associated with a slightly healthier and lower risk of depression, while a meat-based dietary pattern associated with a higher risk of depression, and this association effect varies between genders.

Coffee and caffeine intake and depression in postpartum women: A cross-sectional study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2018

“…The main finding of this study is consistent with the conclusions of previous studies (Lucas et al, 2011;Lahortiga-Ramos et al, 2018;Kimura et al, 2020;Ma et al, 2022;Wang et al, 2023). In a 10-year follow-up study that included 14,413 male and female participants with a mean age of 36 years, the hazard ratio of depression in participants who consumed ≥ 4 cups of coffee daily was 0.37 compared with participants who drank less than one cup of coffee daily (Navarro et al, 2019).…”

Dietary Inflammatory Nutrients and Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Risk: A Case-Control Study

“…Noteworthily, in addition to the explanation of the whole effects of all nutrients, this study based on the function of DII has the superiority in graphically and specifically revealing individual effects and mutual effects among nutrients that may be very important mechanistically. This implied that the relationship between dietary nutrients and ESCC may not be simply predicted by DII, and the exploration of the interaction and other effects of nutrients by BKMR can be used as a favorable supplement to DII so as to more holistically evaluate the association between inflammatory diets and ESCC [ 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”

“…This implicated the relationship between dietary nutrients and ESCC that might not be simply predicted by DII. The exploration of the interaction and other effects of nutrients by BKMR can be used as a favorable supplement to DII so as to more holistically evaluate the influence of inflammatory diets on ESCC and preliminarily provide causal inference clues for the follow-up mechanism research [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Consequently, this study aims to do the following: (1) investigate the association of multiple dietary nutrients’ (cataloged into pro- and anti-inflammation) co-exposure with ESCC risk; (2) evaluate the impact of single-effect and interaction within different inflammatory levels of nutrients on ESCC risk through implementing a BKMR model, providing preliminary causal inferences in diet-related carcinogenesis and a reference base for the nutritional prevention of ESCC.…”

Nutritional risk and depression in adults over 60 years old

“…Our results support an association between malnutrition and depressive disorder. There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that proper nutritional status, healthy dietary patterns, and specific dietary factors reduce the odds of depression, even when controlling for baseline characteristics and predictors of dietary exposure [46][47][48][49][50]. Some research suggests that the risk reduction is due to increased levels of specific nutrients, such as folate and vitamin B 12 [51,52], or that an increased depression risk can be the result of vitamin D deficiency [53][54][55]…”