who have each written reviews of my book Antisemitism and the Russian Revolution for this symposium. Taken together, I suggest that their contributions raise important issues in the study of antisemitism past and present. In particular, their commentaries draw attention to the ever-pressing issue of the relationship between antisemitism and other forms of racism. Further, they touch on the importance of understanding the role of identity (in this case, Jewish identity) in political confrontations with antisemitism and in anti-racism more broadly. Finally, through a discussion of the work of Moishe Postone, I discuss the limits and possibilities of deploying theories of antisemitism across time and space in empirically driven historical sociology.