The jets in 3C 296

Hardcastle, Martin; Alexander, Paul; Pooley, G. G.; Riley, J. M.

doi:10.1093/mnras/288.1.l1

Cited by 74 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In practice, this means observations in ''A'' configuration at k P 6 cm. We find one suitable image in the X-band (8.4 GHz; Hardcastle et al 1997). The total on-source integration time is 3580 s. We use the standard AIPS recipe for calibrating continuum emission data, using 3C 286 and TXS 1926+611 as our flux and point-source calibrators, respectively.…”

Section: Radio Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the radio, it shows a one-sided jet and two hot spots that are clearly visible, although they do not appear as compact as in more powerful (and more distant) FR II galaxies ( Hardcastle et al 1998). Nevertheless, its high radio power (L 178 MHz ¼ 2 ; 10 34 ergs s À1 Hz À1 ) is 1 order of magnitude higher than the fiducial FR I / FR II break.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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The Infrared‐dominated Jet of 3C 401

Chiaberge

Sparks

Macchetto

et al. 2005

ApJ

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We present a Hubble Space Telescope image of the FR II radio galaxy 3C 401, obtained at 1.6 m with NICMOS, in which we identify the infrared counterpart of the brightest region of the radio jet. The jet has a complex radio structure and brightens where bending occurs, most likely as a result of relativistic beaming. We analyze archival data in the radio, optical, and X-ray bands, and we derive its spectral energy distribution. Unlike all of the previously known optical extragalactic jets, the jet in 3C 401 is not detected in the X-rays, even in a long 48 ks X-ray Chandra exposure, and the infrared emission dominates the overall spectral energy distribution (SED). We propose that the dominant radiation mechanism of this jet is synchrotron. The low X-ray emission is then caused by two different effects: (1) the lack of any strong external photon field and (2) the shape of the electron distribution. This affects the location of the synchrotron peak in the SED, resulting in a sharp cutoff at energies lower than the X-rays. Thus 3C 401 shows a new type of jet, with intermediate spectral properties between those of FR I galaxies, which are dominated by synchrotron emission up to X-ray energies, and FR II galaxies/QSOs, which show strong highenergy emission due to inverse Compton scattering of external photons. This might indicate the presence of a continuous ''sequence'' in the properties of large-scale jets, analogous to the ''blazar sequence'' already proposed for subparsec-scale jets.

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Section: Radio Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Infrared‐dominated Jet of 3C 401

Chiaberge

Sparks

Macchetto

et al. 2005

ApJ

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“…The original references to the maps are as follows: Hardcastle et al (1997), at 8 GHz: 3C 401, 3C 438, 4C 14.11; Leahy et al (1997) at 1.5 GHz: 3C 401, 3C 438; at 1.5 GHz: 4C 14.11; Carilli et al (1991) Hardcastle et al (1997) describe both of these sources as unusual for FR II radio galaxies because of their low polarization, prominent jets, and diffuse hot spots. A more detailed discussion of the jet spectra and other properties is given in T01.…”

Section: Application To Radio Galaxiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The data for 4C 14.11 are from Hardcastle et al (1997), who also briefly discuss its spectral behavior and identify the ridge seen in the southeast with a jet, based on the highresolution map that shows that one component is a linear feature aligned with the core. Our results are consistent with this explanation and are shown, as for the above sources, in Figures 9, 13, and 17.…”

Section: Weak Jet Sources: 4c 1114 and Cygnus Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple Multiresolution Filtering and the Spectra of Radio Galaxies and Supernova Remnants

Rudnick

2002

PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC

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ABSTRACT.A simple method is explored for examining the structures and spectral index distributions on different scales in Galactic and extragalactic radio sources, based on a multiresolution filtering technique suggested by Starck, Murtagh, & Bijaoui. Multiresolution filtering, whether in this simple algorithm or more sophisticated ones, is also useful for a wide variety of image analysis purposes. For spectral index studies, the filtering is complementary to other methods and is especially useful in separating large-scale and small-scale features with different spectral distributions. In this paper, filtered spectral distributions are produced for several sources. In the extragalactic sources, different spectral gradients are found for narrow and broad features as a function of distance from the terminal hot spots. This complicates the standard analyses used to understand relativistic particle acceleration and losses. We show that the high-field regions can yield either flatter or steeper spectra than lowfield regions and be either brighter or fainter, depending on the particle history. In our supernova remnant example, Cas A, the spectra of the fine-scale features are found, in the mean, to be flatter than those on larger scales. In addition, a clear asymmetry is found in the spectral indices of the largest scale emission and is related to other physical properties of the remnant.

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“…For sources marked with an asterisk we have multi-frequency radio data and have fit a model spectrum to the source, as described in section 2.3. References for radio maps and size measurements are: (1) Best, Longair & Röttgering (1997); (2) Laing (unpublished) (3) Hardcastle et al (1997); (4) ; (5) Leahy, Bridle & Strom (1998); (6) Leahy (1996); (7) Bridle et al (1994); (8) Black et al (1992). Maps of z < 0.5 objects were mostly obtained from Leahy et al (1998).…”

Section: X-ray Uncertaintiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The environments of FRII radio sources

Hardcastle

Worrall

2000

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Using ROSAT observations, we estimate gas pressures in the X-ray-emitting medium surrounding 63 FRII radio galaxies and quasars. We compare these pressures with the internal pressures of the radio-emitting plasma estimated by assuming minimum energy or equipartition. In the majority of cases (including 12/13 sources with modelled, spatially resolved X-ray emission) radio sources appear to be underpressured with respect to the external medium, suggesting that simple minimum-energy arguments underestimate the sources' internal energy density. We discuss possible departures from the minimum energy condition and the consequences of our result for models of the dynamics of radio galaxies, in particular self-similar models (Kaiser & Alexander 1997).

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The jets in 3C 296

Cited by 74 publications

References 14 publications

The Infrared‐dominated Jet of 3C 401

The Infrared‐dominated Jet of 3C 401

Simple Multiresolution Filtering and the Spectra of Radio Galaxies and Supernova Remnants

The environments of FRII radio sources

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