In recent years, key external drivers and technology trends including societal concern for climate change and emphasis on improvement of air quality, rapid expansion of renewable energy sources and emergence of vehicle connectivity have greatly accelerated the move towards electrification for on road vehicle propulsion. In response, Ford has greatly increased its investments in the electrification of its product portfolio. Core to Ford's product portfolio is a set of electrified powertrain system architectures encompassing HEV, PHEV and BEV systems spanning a range of vehicle applications with both lateral (front wheel drive) and longitudinal (rear wheel drive) driveline configurations.