The JASP Guidelines for Conducting and Reporting a Bayesian Analysis

Doorn, Johnny van; Bergh, Don van den; Bohm, Udo; Dablander, Fabian; Derks, Koen; Draws, Tim; Etz, Alexander; Evans, Nathan J.; Gronau, Quentin Frederik; Haaf, Julia M.; Hinne, Max; Kucharský, Šimon; Ly, Alexander; Marsman, Maarten; Matzke, Dora; Raj, Akash; Sarafoglou, Alexandra; Stefan, Angelika; Voelkel, Jan G.; Wagenmakers, Eric–Jan

doi:10.31234/osf.io/yqxfr

Cited by 210 publications

(236 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Where evidence for or against a directional hypothesis is useful in interpreting the results, we report Bayes factors (BF) using a default prior of 0.707 (van Doorn et al, 2019). Response rates (responses/ min) were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVAs) with an alpha level set to .05.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relapse of operant behavior after response elimination with an extinction or an omission contingency

Rey

Thrailkill

Goldberg

et al. 2019

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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The present study compared relapse after responding was eliminated by extinction or omission training in rats. In Experiment 1, lever pressing was reinforced with food pellets in Context A and then eliminated with either extinction or omission training in Context B. The response was then tested in Contexts A and B in either the presence or absence of free food pellets delivered on a random time schedule. All rats showed higher responding when tested in Context A than Context B, and there was little evidence that omission training attenuated this ABA renewal effect. Noncontingent pellets increased responding after extinction but not after omission. However, when responding on the last day of response elimination was compared to responding during the test in the response-elimination context, there was some evidence that omission-trained rats showed a small increase in responding even when tested with free pellets. Results of Experiment 2 suggest this increase was not due to differences in the temporal distribution of pellets during elimination and the test, and that the result might be due to mere removal of the omission contingency, but any such effect is small and difficult to detect statistically. The results provide new information about factors generating relapse after omission training.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Where useful for interpreting the results, we report effect size (partial eta squared). Where evidence for or against a directional hypothesis is useful in interpreting the results, we report Bayes factors (BF) using a default prior of 0.707 (van Doorn et al, 2019). Statistical analyses were conducted with JASP software (JASP team, 2019).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relapse of operant behavior after response elimination with an extinction or an omission contingency

Rey

Thrailkill

Goldberg

et al. 2019

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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“…in the Backward condition (BF10; assuming a difference), according to Van Doorn et al. (). Cohen's d is reported as effect size.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in the Forward condition (BF01; assuming no difference between birdsong and speech), and in favor of the alternative hyp. in the Backward condition (BF10; assuming a difference), according to Van Doorn et al (2019). Cohen's d is reported as effect size.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of prosody in infants’ preference for speech: A comparison between speech and birdsong

Santolin

Russo

Calignano

et al. 2019

Infancy

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Speech preferences emerge very early in infancy, pointing to a special status for speech in auditory processing and a crucial role of prosody in driving infant preferences. Recent theoretical models suggest that infant auditory perception may initially encompass a broad range of human and nonhuman vocalizations, then tune in to relevant sounds for the acquisition of species‐specific communication sounds. However, little is known about sound properties eliciting infants’ tuning‐in to speech. To address this issue, we presented a group of 4‐month‐olds with segments of non‐native speech (Mandarin Chinese) and birdsong, a nonhuman vocalization that shares some prosodic components with speech. A second group of infants was presented with the same segment of birdsong paired with Mandarin played in reverse. Infants showed an overall preference for birdsong over non‐native speech. Moreover, infants in the Backward condition preferred birdsong over backward speech whereas infants in the Forward condition did not show clear preference. These results confirm the prominent role of prosody in early auditory processing and suggest that infants’ preferences may privilege communicative vocalizations featured by certain prosodic dimensions regardless of the biological source of the sound, human or nonhuman.

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“…All priors suggest moderate evidence for the null hypothesis, which is relatively stable across a wide range of prior distributions. Plots taken from JASP; the reporting of the results follows van Doorn et al(52).…”

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confidence: 99%

No evidence for accelerated brain aging in patients with chronic non-cancer pain

Sörös

Bantel

2019

Preprint

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Chronic pain is often associated with changes in brain structure and function, and also cognitive deficits. It has been noted that these chronic pain-related alterations may resemble changes found in healthy aging, and thus may represent accelerated or pre-mature aging of the brain. Here we test the hypothesis that patients with chronic non-cancer pain demonstrate accelerated brain aging compared to healthy control subjects. The predicted brain age of 59 patients with chronic pain (mean chronological age ± standard deviation: 53.0 ± 9.0 years; 43 women) and 60 pain-free healthy controls (52.6 ± 9.0 years; 44 women) was determined using the software brainageR. This software segments the individual T1-weighted structural MR images into gray and white matter and compares gray and white matter images to a large (n = 2001) training set of structural images, using machine learning. Finally, brain age delta, which is the predicted brain age minus chronological age, was calculated and compared across groups. This study provided no evidence for the hypothesis that chronic pain is associated with accelerated brain aging (Welch's t-test, p = 0.74, Cohen's d = 0.061). A Bayesian independent samples t-test indicated moderate evidence in favor of the null hypothesis (BF01 = 4.875, i.e. group means were equal). Our results provide indirect support for recent models of pain related-changes of brain structure, brain function, and cognitive functions. These models postulate network-specific maladaptive plasticity, rather than wide-spread or global neural degeneration, leading to synaptic, dendritic, and neuronal remodeling. chronic pain | musculoskeletal disorders | rheumatic disease | magnetic resonance imaging | brain structure | gray matter | white matter | aging Correspondence: peter.soros@gmail.com

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The JASP Guidelines for Conducting and Reporting a Bayesian Analysis

Cited by 210 publications

References 44 publications

Relapse of operant behavior after response elimination with an extinction or an omission contingency

Relapse of operant behavior after response elimination with an extinction or an omission contingency

The role of prosody in infants’ preference for speech: A comparison between speech and birdsong

No evidence for accelerated brain aging in patients with chronic non-cancer pain

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