The Jade Goody Effect: Whose Cervical Screening Decisions Were Influenced by Her Story?

Marlow, Laura A.V.; Sangha, Amrit; Patnick, Julietta; Waller, Jo

doi:10.1258/jms.2012.012095

Cited by 26 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…Although an extra half a million women were screened between 2008 and 2009, the increase was greatest in the under 50s, 7 with women aged 26-35 years more likely to be influenced by the story than those aged 56-64 years. 8 The perception of cervical cancer as a young woman's problem is likely to have been further enhanced by high profile media campaigns to reduce the age of screening after the death of a few young women as well as the introduction of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination for teenage girls in 2008. Furthermore, the fact that …”

Section: Screening Uptake Falls In Older Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cervical cancer is not just a young woman's disease

Sherman

Castañón

Moss

et al. 2015

BMJ

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colleagues argue that the upper age limit for cervical screening needs revisiting and call for awareness campaigns to target older as well as younger women Cervical screening programmes in many countries stop at around the age of 65 and much of the focus is often on younger women. For example, recent media campaigns in England and Wales have centred on lowering the age at first screening. Comparatively little attention has been given to older women despite the fact that they account for about a fifth of cases each year and half of deaths.1 2 Of the 3121 women diagnosed on average each year between 2009 and 2011 in the UK, only 64 were younger than 25 compared with 616 who were older than 65.1 As the population ages, this number of older women affected is set to increase. We argue that screening programmes should reflect this. Age distribution of casesThe raw statistics conceal the full impact of cervical cancer on older women. Although the absolute figures decrease with increasing age, when the rate of new cases per 100 000 women is considered, a second peak in diagnoses after the age of 65 becomes apparent (table⇓). The case rate gradually decreases from 19.7 new diagnoses per 100 000 women aged 30-34 to a low of 8.6/100 000 women aged 65-69, but then rises again, reaching 12.5/100 000 in women aged 80-84. Furthermore, mortality data for the UK from 2010-12 show only seven deaths a year from cervical cancer in women younger than 25 but 449 deaths in women older than 65-nearly half of the total average deaths from cervical cancer in any year. Although recent research by Castanon and colleagues suggests that women aged 65 who have had regular screening with negative results have a relatively low 20 year risk of 8/10 000 women, it also reports that for those women who have not been screened between the ages of 50 and 64, the 20 year risk rises to 49/10 000 women.3 This raises several issues. Screening uptake falls in older womenThe proportion of women in England in 2013 who had been screened in the past five years dropped with age, from 82.4% of 50-54 year olds to 75.9% of 55-59 year olds and 72.7% of 60-64 year olds. 4 These numbers are set to fall further because uptake is decreasing across all age groups. More than 25% of older women would therefore not be in the low risk group defined by Castanon and colleagues. 3 The fall in uptake suggests that as women age they perceive cervical screening to be less important. This is supported by Waller and colleagues, 5 who found that only 12% of 55-64 year old women cited not attending screening as a risk factor for cervical cancer. In addition, only 2.1% of participants across their whole sample identified older age as a risk factor, suggesting that it is perceived as being a younger woman's disease. This interpretation is strengthened by the fact that the age related decline in screening uptake seems to be specific to cervical screening. The 2010-11 breast cancer screening data show that 70.7% of invited women aged 45-49 attended breast screening, increasing to 74.9% i...

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Section: Screening Uptake Falls In Older Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cervical cancer is not just a young woman's disease

Sherman

Castañón

Moss

et al. 2015

BMJ

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“…This could be due to increases in awareness of the symptoms of the disease or awareness of the importance of screening (Loerzal and Bushy, 2005). In addition, identification with the celebrity may prompt women to attend screening (Kalichman et al , 1993), and a national survey found that younger women from poorer socioeconomic backgrounds were those most likely to report their decisions about cervical screening as having been influenced by Goody's diagnosis (Marlow et al , 2012). Given the higher risk characteristics of the post-Goody HG disease cohort in our area (more screening-naive, symptomatic women), we speculate that the ‘Jade-Goody effect' resulted in the diagnosis of significant pathology in a group of women who might otherwise never have attended screening, and may therefore have prevented disease-related deaths.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Celebrities and screening: a measurable impact on high-grade cervical neoplasia diagnosis from the ‘Jade Goody effect’ in the UK

Casey¹,

Morris²,

Burnell

et al. 2013

Br J Cancer

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Background:The celebrity Jade Goody's cervical cancer diagnosis was associated with increased UK cervical screening attendance. We wanted to establish if there was an increase in high-grade (HG) cervical neoplasia diagnoses, and if so, what the characteristics of the women with HG disease were.Methods:We analysed prospective data on 3233 consecutive colposcopy referrals in North East London, UK, from 01 April 2005 to 30 June 2010. Characteristics and outcomes of pre- and post-Goody cohorts were compared.Results:Goody's diagnosis was associated with an increased incidence of colposcopy referrals in all subsequent annual quarters (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.3–1.9, P<0.002–P<0.0005) and increased HG disease diagnoses in the fourth quarter 2008/2009 (IRR 1.3, P=0.05) and first quarter 2009/2010 (IRR 1.3, P=0.07). We observed 1.90-fold (CI: 1.06–3.39), 2.06 (CI: 1.13–3.76) and 2.13-fold (CI: 1.07–4.25) respective increases in the odds of HG disease women being screening-naive in the first and second quarter 2009/2010, and the first quarter 2010/2011 (P<0.04, P<0.02 and P<0.04, respectively). There was a 2.23-fold increase in the odds of screening-naive HG disease women being symptomatic post-Goody's diagnosis (P=0.023). The age distributions of the pre- and post-Goody cohorts did not differ in any study group.Conclusion:Continued publicity about celebrities' diagnoses might encourage screening in at-risk populations.

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“…Furthermore, advocacy with the media and community leaders has been developed in many settings, reinforcing awareness around the impact and seriousness of cervical cancer. The increased public concern about cervical cancer following the death of a celebrity is likely to increase awareness, as has been seen in Denmark, England and Scotland [33]. The political commitment of the Belgian government towards vaccination as a public health goal was also seen as an opportunity for strengthening local HPV vaccine programs.…”

Section: Hpv Vaccination Program Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overcoming barriers in HPV vaccination and screening programs

Vorsters

Arbyn

Baay³

et al. 2017

Papillomavirus Research

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A B S T R A C TThe Human Papillomavirus Prevention and Control Board brought together experts to discuss optimizing HPV vaccination and screening programs.Board members reviewed the safety profile of licensed HPV vaccines based on clinical and post-marketing data, reaching a consensus that current safety data is reassuring.Successful vaccination programs used well-coordinated communication campaigns, integrating (social) media to spread awareness. Communication of evidence supporting vaccine effectiveness had beneficial effects on the perception of the vaccine. However, anti-vaccination campaigns have threatened existing programs in many countries.Measurement and monitoring of HPV vaccine confidence over time could help understand the nature and scale of waning confidence, define issues and intervene appropriately using context-specific evidence-based strategies. Finally, a broad group of stakeholders, such as teachers, health care providers and the media should also be provided with accurate information and training to help support prevention efforts through enhanced understanding of the risks and benefits of vaccination.Similarly, while cervical cancer screening through population-based programs is highly effective, barriers to screening exist: awareness in countries with population-based screening programs, access for vulnerable populations, and access and affordability in low-and middle-income countries. Integration of primary and secondary prevention has the potential to accelerate the decrease in cervical cancer incidence. IntroductionThe HPV Prevention and Control Board was created in December 2015 [1] with the aim to share relevant information on HPV with a broad array of stakeholders, and to implement preventive strategies to reduce the HPV-related disease burden. Here we report the discussion that took place during the first official meeting, held on June 27 and 28, 2016, in Antwerp, Belgium.1The objectives of the meeting were (a) to summarize the available adverse event profile and any reported safety concerns following HPV vaccination, (b) to summarize cultural, perceptual, infrastructural and financial barriers to the implementation of vaccination, (c) to identify factors that influence adherence to cervical screening programs, (d) to propose strategies to build public confidence in HPV prevention programs and address any vaccination and screening hesitancy, and (e) to discuss new approaches to improve HPV prevention and cervical cancer control. Vaccine safety profileThe safety of new products is critical for licensure and successful implementation/uptake. Critical review of clinical trial data is the first step in this process. However, as clinical trials generally involve limited numbers, and participants may have health conditions different from those in the general population, post-marketing surveillance is essential.While licensure has varied according to country, HPV vaccines have been available since 2006 beginning with the quadrivalent (4vHPV, Gardasil, Merck), followed by the bivalent (2vHP...

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The Jade Goody Effect: Whose Cervical Screening Decisions Were Influenced by Her Story?

Cited by 26 publications

References 26 publications

Cervical cancer is not just a young woman's disease

Cervical cancer is not just a young woman's disease

Celebrities and screening: a measurable impact on high-grade cervical neoplasia diagnosis from the ‘Jade Goody effect’ in the UK

Overcoming barriers in HPV vaccination and screening programs

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