The ITER magnet system: configuration and construction status

Mitchell, N.; Devred, A.

doi:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.02.085

Cited by 53 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The volume fractions of 11 B-rich phase, Mg, and MgO for Mg 11 B 2 were obtained using the MAUD program based on the X-ray diffraction. [37][38][39][40][41] For neutron experiments, the individual Mg 11 B 2 wires were cut into pieces $5 mm in length and bunched together to form bulk samples with approximate dimensions of 5 Â 5 Â 5 mm 3 . Measurements of residual stress were performed on the niobium, Mg 11 B 2 , and Monel phases.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the current workhorse superconductors for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) are lowtemperature NbTi and Nb 3 Sn superconductors, [1][2][3] MgB 2 shows electromagnetic performance superior to that of NbTi: it has lower induced radioactivity, 4,5 higher efficiency of the cryogenic reactor system, [6][7][8] and a much higher transition temperature (T c ). 9,10 Furthermore, the eld performance, in terms of its transport critical current density (J c ) and upper critical eld (B c2 ), is close to that of NbTi superconductor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of residual stress and texture in isotope based Mg¹¹B₂superconductor using neutron diffraction

et al. 2018

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of residual stress and texture in isotope based Mg¹¹B₂superconductor using neutron diffraction

et al. 2018

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“…Within the scope of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) project, Nb 3 Sn and NbTi superconducting wires and cables are used as essential constituents of the toroidal field and poloidal field (PF) coils to contain the deuterium‐tritium (D‐T) fusion plasma 1‐3 . Nb‐based low temperature superconductors have significant drawbacks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within the scope of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) project, Nb 3 Sn and NbTi superconducting wires and cables are used as essential constituents of the toroidal field and poloidal field (PF) coils to contain the deuterium-tritium (D-T) fusion plasma. [1][2][3] Nb-based low temperature superconductors have significant drawbacks. For long-term and steady-state operation of the D-T plasma fusion reactors, it is desirable that the superconducting magnet elements have low neutron activation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of isotopic boron (¹¹B) for the fabrication of low activation Mg¹¹B₂ superconductor for next generation fusion magnets

et al. 2020

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In this study, we analyze the properties of boron isotope (11B)‐rich powders from three different sources, that is, American, Cambridge, and Pavezyum, to fabricate the bulk Mg11B2 superconductors and evaluate their superconducting properties. While 11B‐rich powder is an essential precursor to fabricate Mg11B2 superconductors for fusion magnet applications, the properties of the 11B powder turned out to be critical to determine the quality of the final superconducting product. Therefore, appropriate control of processing conditions is needed to comply with the requirements of the nuclear fusion application. Analysis of the B isotope ratio by accelerator mass spectroscopy and neutron transmission revealed that all three types of powder are enriched with 11B to better than 99 at % quality. In addition, Pavezyum's 11B shows the lowest crystallinity and smallest crystalline domain size as evidenced by the high‐resolution X‐ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscopy. The chemical states of the boron isotope investigated with near edge X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy and X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy also reveals that Pavezyum boron has amorphous structure. Mg11B2 bulks and multi‐filamentary (12‐filament) wires have been manufactured, sintered at different temperatures and characterized via the transport critical current density. The wire with Pavezyum 11B shows three times higher current carrying capacity at a particular magnetic field compared to the wire using Cambridge 11B and hence, Pavezyum 11B boron has the potential for manufacturing fusion grade Mg11B2 based magnets. The results of this study demonstrated that Boron powders with higher purity, smaller grain size and lower crystallinity are critical for improving the superconducting and electronic properties of Mg11B2 samples fabricated from the powder. Thus, the low‐neutron‐activation Mg11B2 is possibly an affordable and technically viable candidate to replace NbTi superconductors in the low field poloidal field and correction coils for the next‐generation fusion reactors.

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“…The ITER magnet system is the largest unified superconducting magnet system ever built in the world. The superconducting magnet system [2,3] consists of four different types of coils. These are 18 toroidal field (TF) coils, 6 poloidal field (PF) coils, 18 correction coils (CC), and 6 central solenoid (CS) modules, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of cable-in-conduit conductor for ITER CS in Japan

et al. 2019

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The National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology has the responsibility to develop a cablein-conduit conductor (CICC) for the ITER central solenoid (CS). Qualification tests of CICCs fabricated in the initial development stage were carried out at the SULTAN test facility; the superconducting performance (T cs = current-sharing temperature) was found to be degraded by the repeated cyclic loading that simulates realistic ITER operating conditions. From destructive examination and neutron diffraction tests, this degradation appears to result from bending strain on the strands generated by electromagnetic forces. In response, the cabling of the CICC was optimized by shortening the twist pitch to make it stiffer against electromagnetic forces. No T cs degradation of the optimized CICC was seen in the subsequent SULTAN test; further, a CS insert (CSI) test was performed at the CS model coil test facility, which included hoop strain for a more realistic simulation of ITER conditions. Good performance was also achieved in the CSI test.

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The ITER magnet system: configuration and construction status

Cited by 53 publications

References 14 publications

Evaluation of residual stress and texture in isotope based Mg¹¹B₂superconductor using neutron diffraction

Evaluation of residual stress and texture in isotope based Mg¹¹B₂superconductor using neutron diffraction

Evaluation of isotopic boron (¹¹B) for the fabrication of low activation Mg¹¹B₂ superconductor for next generation fusion magnets

Development of cable-in-conduit conductor for ITER CS in Japan

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The ITER magnet system: configuration and construction status

Cited by 53 publications

References 14 publications

Evaluation of residual stress and texture in isotope based Mg11B2superconductor using neutron diffraction

Evaluation of residual stress and texture in isotope based Mg11B2superconductor using neutron diffraction

Evaluation of isotopic boron (11B) for the fabrication of low activation Mg11B2 superconductor for next generation fusion magnets

Development of cable-in-conduit conductor for ITER CS in Japan

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Product

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Evaluation of residual stress and texture in isotope based Mg¹¹B₂superconductor using neutron diffraction

Evaluation of residual stress and texture in isotope based Mg¹¹B₂superconductor using neutron diffraction

Evaluation of isotopic boron (¹¹B) for the fabrication of low activation Mg¹¹B₂ superconductor for next generation fusion magnets