The Italian registry of cystic echinococcosis (RIEC): the first prospective registry with a European future

Tamarozzi, Francesca; Rossi, P.; Galati, Fabio; Mariconti, Mara; Nicoletti, G.; Rinaldi, Francesca; Casulli, Adriano; Pozio, Edoardo; Brunetti, Enrico

doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es2015.20.18.21115

Cited by 32 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…A descriptive summary of the available scientific evidence and uncertainties is provided for all TORs. This is based on the systematic literature reviews carried out under the EFSA Grant Project GP/EFSA/AHAW/2012/01 (Echinococcus multilocularis infection in animals; Casulli et al, 2015) and on review of additional scientific papers (mainly published after the systematic review) and the data sources mentioned in section 2.1.…”

Section: Methodologies 22mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a Systematic Review on the risk factors for introduction, transmission and establishment of EM in free areas through movements of domestic and wildlife species involved in the EM lifecycle (Casulli et al, 2015), the only eligible publication of Stieger et al (2002) analysed the high prevalence of EM reported from foxes in the city of Zurich, Switzerland. This work shows that differences in the prevalence, habitats and ecology of definitive and intermediate hosts may influence the risk of transmission and establishment of the parasite in urban and peri-urban areas.…”

Section: Probability Of Transmission and Establishmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eight systematic literature reviews on questions related to the TORs of this mandate were available to the working group (Casulli et al, 2015). The European Summary Report (Efsa and ECDC, 2013) 2 and the data provided by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) extracted from The European Surveillance System (TESSy) 3 were consulted to obtain information on the EM cases in animals and alveolar echinococcosis (AE) cases in humans reported until 2013.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Echinococcus multilocularis infection in animals

Butterworth¹

2015

EFS2

134

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General rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/pure/about/ebr-terms carnivore species can maintain the lifecycle in the absence of red fox, and this makes it to most relevant target species for surveillance. Movement of infected definitive hosts is an important introduction pathway. The knowledge on the geographical distribution of the environmental factors for the persistence of the lifecycle is scarce. In areas where no suitable autochthonous wild canid hosts and no highly suitable intermediate hosts are present, e.g. Malta, establishment of the EM cycle is considered close to impossible. Such countries do not need to carry out surveillance on domestic dogs to substantiate absence of EM in the relevant animal population. Reconsideration of some aspects of the current legislation regarding surveillance activities might be relevant; for example the identification of epidemiologically relevant units should be independent from political borders. Studies to improve the knowledge on epidemiological risk factors should be encouraged to enable risk-based sampling. Echinococcus notification should always be done at species level in order to discriminate between the more severe alveolar echinococcosis and the cystic echinococcosis. Praziquantel is the substance of choice for the treatment of dogs. However, the treatment window should be reconsidered to reduce the risk of re-infection: a general rule is to treat as close as possible to entry into a non-infected country. There is a lack of standardization of the diagnostic methods between laboratories. The diagnostic sensitivity of the tests should be established in accordance to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) standards for validation. For the time being, the diagnostic sensitivity can be set conservatively to 78%. SCIENTIFIC OPINION © European Food Safety Authority, 2015Keywords: Echinococcus multilocularis, echinococcosis, hosts, risk factors, diagnosis, surveillance, Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.The EFSA Journal is a publication of the European Food Safety Authority, an agency of the European Union. E. multilocularis infections in animalswww.efsa.europa.eu/efsajournal 3 EFSA Journal 2015;13(15):4373 SummaryHuman alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is caused by the larval stage of the fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis. It is amongst one of the most dangerous zoonoses. Naturally the parasite transmits between foxes or dogs and small mammals whilst humans are aberrant intermediate hosts.In rodents, the larval mass proliferates rapidly by exogenous budding of germinative tissue and produces an alveolar-like pattern of microvesicles filled with protoscolices. In humans, the larval mass resembles a malignancy in appearance and behavior, because it proliferates indefinitely by exogenous budding and invades the surrounding tissues (Moro et al., 2008). Transmission of A...

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Section: Methodologies 22mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Probability Of Transmission and Establishmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Echinococcus multilocularis infection in animals

Butterworth¹

2015

EFS2

134

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“…and Italy and the Mediterranean countries are considered endemic . In Italy, the prevalence in 2014, estimated on hospital discharge records, is up to 1.06/100 000 inhabitants/year, but it is expected that these data are underestimated as outpatients or asymptomatic patients are not included in the analysis . CE diagnosis and clinical management are based on ultrasound (US).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A T‐cell diagnostic test for cystic echinococcosis based on Antigen B peptides

Petrone

Vanini

Amicosante

et al. 2017

Parasite Immunology

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SummaryCystic echinococcosis (CE) immunodiagnosis is still imperfect. We recently set‐up a whole‐blood test based on the interleukin (IL)‐4 response to the native Antigen B (AgB) of Echinococcus granulosus. However, AgB is encoded by a multigene family coding for five putative subunits. Therefore, the aims of this study were to analyse the IL‐4 response to peptides spanning the immunodominant regions of the five AgB subunits and to evaluate the accuracy of this assay for CE diagnosis. Peptides corresponding to each subunit were combined into five pools. A pool containing all peptides was also used (total pool). IL‐4 evaluated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was significantly higher in patients with CE compared to those without (NO‐CE subjects) when whole‐blood was stimulated with AgB1 and with the total pool. Moreover, IL‐4 levels in response to the total pool were significantly increased in patients with active cysts. Receiver Operator Curve analysis identified a cut‐off point of 0.59 pg/mL predicting active cysts diagnosis with 71% sensitivity and 82% specificity in serology‐positive CE patients. These data, if confirmed in a larger cohort, offer the opportunity to develop new diagnostic tools for CE based on a standardized source of AgB as the peptides.

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“…), which all contribute to the transmission of E. granulosus leading to a high rate of infection, particularly in small ruminants Varcasia et al, 2011). Several papers have been published on CE in Sardinia, as this island represent a good epidemiological model (Conchedda et al, 2010;Kinkar et al, 2016;Scala et al, 2006;Tamarozzi et al, 2015;Varcasia et al, 2004Varcasia et al, , 2011. However, the role of cattle in the epidemiology and transmission of CE has always been questioned, as these large ruminants are often found be infected with non-host-specific Echinococcus species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cystic echinococcosis in cattle dairy farms: spatial distribution and epidemiological dynamics

Scala¹,

Bosco²,

Pipia³

et al. 2017

Geospat Health

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A study monitoring cystic echinococcosis (CE) in adult dairy cattle from intensive livestock farms located in the municipality of Arborea (Sardinia, Italy) was carried out between 2012 and 2015. A retrospective study of veterinary reporting forms of post-mortem inspections in 10 different Italian slaughterhouses was also performed. In addition, data on viability and molecular characterisation of hydatid cysts removed from parasitised organs in cattle was carried out. A geographical information system (GIS) with data layers of the study area and the geo-referenced points of 160 cattle farms was constructed. CE was found in 21.9% (35/160) of the surveyed farms. The retrospective study revealed that 0.05% (13/23,656) of adult slaughtered animals (over one year of age) from Arborea had tested positive to CE. The results stratified per year showed the following CE prevalences: 0.09% (5/5673) in 2012; 0.02% (1/5682) in 2013; 0.08% (5/6261) in 2014; and 0.03% (2/6040) in 2015 (χ 2 with 3 degrees of freedom=3.81; P=0.282). The E. granulosus sensu stricto (formerly called G1 or sheep strain) was detected in all cysts subjected to molecular analysis. The GIS analysis showed that CE is fairly resilient in the Arborea territory where most of cattle farms are located, while a small cluster of cases was found located in the southeastern part of Arborea, close to districts where sheep farms are situated. The present survey reports the presence of CE in Sardinian dairy cattle intensive farms and suggests that the parasitic pressure of CE in the island continues to be very strong.

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The Italian registry of cystic echinococcosis (RIEC): the first prospective registry with a European future

Cited by 32 publications

References 20 publications

Echinococcus multilocularis infection in animals

Echinococcus multilocularis infection in animals

A T‐cell diagnostic test for cystic echinococcosis based on Antigen B peptides

Cystic echinococcosis in cattle dairy farms: spatial distribution and epidemiological dynamics

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