The Italian Outbreak of COVID-19: Conditions, Contributors, and Concerns

Buono, Marco Giuseppe Del; Iannaccone, Giulia; Camilli, Massimiliano; Buono, Romualdo Del; Aspromonte, Nadia

doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.04.003

Cited by 18 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The economic variables are mainly at aggregate levels in databases that measure for instance, commercial exchanges (trade import and export) between regions worldwide and that can explain the initial diffusion of COVID-19 ( Bontempi, 2020 ; Bontempi et al, 2020 ). In this study here, population density is considered to be an indicator of social interaction and researchers maintain that a high population density is a potential risk factor for transmission dynamics and the spread of COVID-19 at local and regional level (cf., Rosario Denes et al, 2020 ; Del Buono et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Method: Index C ( C Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

An index to quantify environmental risk of exposure to future epidemics of the COVID-19 and similar viral agents: Theory and practice

Coccia

2020

Environmental Research

174

124

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In the presence of the novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and other new viral agents, one of the fundamental problems in science is the evaluation of environmental and social weaknesses of cities/regions to the exposure of infectious diseases for preventing and/or containing new COVID-19 outbreaks and the diffusion of other viral agents that generate a negative impact on public health and economy of countries. The current monitoring of transmission dynamics of infectious diseases is mainly based on reproduction number (R 0 ) and fatality rates. However, this approach is a real-time monitoring of transmission dynamics for mitigating the numbers of COVID-19 related infected individuals and deaths. Reproduction number does not provide information to cope with future epidemics or pandemics. The main goal of this study is to propose the Index c (as contagions ) that quantifies, ex-ante , the environmental risk of exposure of cities/regions to future epidemics of the COVID-19 and similar vital agents. This Index c synthetizes environmental, demographic, climatological and health risk factors of cities/regions that indicate their exposure to infectious diseases. Index c has a range from 1 (environmental and social weakness of urban areas leading to high levels of exposure to infectious diseases) to 0 (environment that reduces the risk of exposure to infectious diseases in society). The statistical evidence here, applied on case study of Italy, seems in general to support the predictive capacity of the Index c as a particularly simple but superior indicator in detecting the global correlation between potential risk of exposure of cities/regions to infectious diseases and actual risk given by infected individuals and deaths of the COVID-19. The Index c can support a proactive environmental strategy to help policymakers to prevent future pandemics similar to the COVID-19.

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Section: Method: Index C ( C Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

An index to quantify environmental risk of exposure to future epidemics of the COVID-19 and similar viral agents: Theory and practice

Coccia

2020

Environmental Research

174

124

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“…The entire world is facing a severe risk due to COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease) which is affecting almost all the countries (Buono et al, 2020). The World Health Organization (WHO, 2020) declared COVID-19 as a pandemic due to widespread global infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social and Travel Lockdown Impact Considering Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) on Air Quality in Megacities of India: Present Benefits, Future Challenges and Way Forward

Jain

Sharma

2020

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

231

230

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The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) created enormous pressure across the globe due to an increasing number of COVID-19 infected cases. All the governments' primary focus is to save humanity from this pandemic problem, and they have lockdown almost the entire nation to stop the spread of infection. This lockdown resulted in a considerable impact on the global as well as a local economy that will take a long time to perform with business as usual scenario. However, improvement in the air quality of the cities across the globe has emerged as a key benefit of this lockdown. Therefore, this study aims to assess the overall impact of social and travel lockdown in five megacities of India; Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, and Bangalore. The study evaluated the spatiotemporal variations in five criteria pollutants over two time periods, i.e.

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“…On the other hand, research has considered other important environmental effects on the propagation of COVID-19 infection (i.e., environment-to-human pollution). For instance, while certain authors have proposed that geo-environmental determinants (such as PM) could accelerate COVID-19 diffusion (Coccia, 2020), others have suggested that PM could act as virus carrier, thus explaining so higher infections in areas with higher PM concentration (Setti et al, 2020) (Del Buono et al, 2020.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding COVID-19 diffusion requires an interdisciplinary, multi-dimensional approach

Bontempi

Vergalli

Squazzoni

2020

Environmental Research

130

123

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, research has suggested a direct correlation between environmental pollution and contagion dynamics (i.e., environment-to-human pollution), thereby indicating that mechanisms other than human-to-human transmission can explain COVID-19 diffusion. However, these studies did not consider that complex outcomes, such as a pandemic's diffusion patterns, are typically caused by a multiplicity of environmental, economic and social factors. While disciplinary specialties increase scholars' attitudes of concentrating on specific factors, neglecting this multiplicity during a pandemic crisis can lead to misleading conclusions. This communication aims to focus on certain limitations of current research about environmental-to-human COVID-19 transmission and shows the benefit of an interdisciplinary, multi-dimensional approach to understand the geographical diversity of contagion diffusion patterns.

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The Italian Outbreak of COVID-19: Conditions, Contributors, and Concerns

Cited by 18 publications

References 5 publications

An index to quantify environmental risk of exposure to future epidemics of the COVID-19 and similar viral agents: Theory and practice

An index to quantify environmental risk of exposure to future epidemics of the COVID-19 and similar viral agents: Theory and practice

Social and Travel Lockdown Impact Considering Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) on Air Quality in Megacities of India: Present Benefits, Future Challenges and Way Forward

Understanding COVID-19 diffusion requires an interdisciplinary, multi-dimensional approach

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