The Isoprostanes: Unique Products of Arachidonic Acid Oxidation-A Review

Fam, Samuel S; Morrow, Jason D.

doi:10.2174/0929867033457115

Cited by 236 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…12,13,23 Cerebrospinal fluid F2-isoprostanes are a unique series of prostaglandin-like compounds formed in vivo from the free radical-catalyzed peroxidation of arachidonic acid and have been used to assess peroxidation in patients with severe TBI. 3,4,17,35 Glycerol is an end product of phospholipid degradation in neural tissue cell membranes and is a marker of cell damage whether caused by O 2 toxicity via free radical formation and lipid peroxidation or secondarily from ischemia. 16,19,32 Levels of CSF F2-isoprostanes as well as microdialysate glycerol were significantly decreased following combined HBO 2 /NBH treatment.…”

Section: Oxygen Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A prospective, randomized Phase II clinical trial to evaluate the effect of combined hyperbaric and normobaric hyperoxia on cerebral metabolism, intracranial pressure, oxygen toxicity, and clinical outcome in severe traumatic brain injury

Rockswold

Zaun

et al. 2013

JNS

127

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T he enormous negative social and economic impact of TBI throughout the world cannot be overemphasized. The major issue is premature death and disability both in civilian and military populations. Conservative estimates of the prevalence of long-term disability due to TBI in the United States are well over 3 million people. The economic toll of TBI exceeds $60 billion per year. 18 Our previous investigations of HBO 2 Object. Preclinical and clinical investigations indicate that the positive effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO 2 ) for severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs after rather than during treatment. The brain appears better able to use baseline O 2 levels following HBO 2 treatments. In this study, the authors evaluate the combination of HBO 2 and normobaric hyperoxia (NBH) as a single treatment.Methods. Forty-two patients who sustained severe TBI (mean Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] score 5.7) were prospectively randomized within 24 hours of injury to either: 1) combined HBO 2 /NBH (60 minutes of HBO 2 at 1.5 atmospheres absolute [ATA] followed by NBH, 3 hours of 100% fraction of inspired oxygen [FiO 2 ] at 1.0 ATA) or 2) control, standard care. Treatments occurred once every 24 hours for 3 consecutive days. Intracranial pressure, surrogate markers for cerebral metabolism, and O 2 toxicity were monitored. Clinical outcome was assessed at 6 months using the sliding dichotomized Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score. Mixedeffects linear modeling was used to statistically test differences between the treatment and control groups. Functional outcome and mortality rates were compared using chi-square tests.Results. There were no significant differences in demographic characteristics between the 2 groups. In comparison with values in the control group, brain tissue partial pressure of O 2 (PO 2 ) levels were significantly increased during and following combined HBO 2 /NBH treatments in both the noninjured and pericontusional brain (p < 0.0001). Microdialysate lactate/pyruvate ratios were significantly decreased in the noninjured brain in the combined HBO 2 /NBH group as compared with controls (p < 0.0078). The combined HBO 2 /NBH group's intracranial pressure values were significantly lower than those of the control group during treatment, and the improvement continued until the next treatment session (p < 0.0006). The combined HBO 2 /NBH group's levels of microdialysate glycerol were significantly lower than those of the control group in both noninjured and pericontusional brain (p < 0.001). The combined HBO 2 /NBH group's level of CSF F2-isoprostane was decreased at 6 hours after treatment as compared with that of controls, but the difference did not quite reach statistical significance (p = 0.0692). There was an absolute 26% reduction in mortality for the combined HBO 2 /NBH group (p = 0.048) and an absolute 36% improvement in favorable outcome using the sliding dichotomized GOS (p = 0.024) as compared with the control group.Conclusions. In this Phase II clinical trial, in comparison with standard care (control t...

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Section: Oxygen Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A prospective, randomized Phase II clinical trial to evaluate the effect of combined hyperbaric and normobaric hyperoxia on cerebral metabolism, intracranial pressure, oxygen toxicity, and clinical outcome in severe traumatic brain injury

Rockswold

Zaun

et al. 2013

JNS

127

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“…These current findings from this study would suggest that Hcys could possibly be a potential reliable marker for cardiovascular risk. The results of in vivo studies have shown that rodent models of CAD in which hyperlipidaemia has been induced are associated with enhanced oxidative stress as reflected by the increased 8-isoprostane levels (Roberts and Morrow, 2000;Rokach et al, 1997;Famm and Morrow, 2003;Davi, Falco, Patrono, 2004). In our present study, plasma 8-isoprostane was found to be significantly higher in patients with FH and NFH compared to the control group which is in concordance with the results from other studies looking at the association between hypercholesterolaemia and levels of 8-isoprostane.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of hsCRP, F2-Isoprostane and homocysteine levels in patients presenting with Primary Hypercholesterolemia in a tertiary referral teaching hospital

Rahman¹,

Yy²,

Sp³

et al. 2011

MHSJ

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We conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate the levels of these biomarkers in primary hypercholesterolaemic patients. Fifty six primary hypercholesterolaemic patients, 29 familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) and 27 non familial hypercholesterolaemia (NFH) age and gender matched control subjects were recruited for this study. Blood samples were taken for the analysis of serum fasting lipid profile, serum hsCRP, plasma Hcys and plasma 8-isoprostane. Serum Hcys levels were higher in all patients compared with control (mean + SD: 11.3 + 6.4 vs 8.6 + 3.3, p<0.05) with Hcys values being significantly higher in NFH group (mean + SD: 11.9 + 7.0 vs 8.6 + 3.3, p<0.05) compared with control. Serum hs-CRP were higher in NFH group (p<0.05) compared to control. Plasma 8-isoprostane levels of the primary hypercholesterolaemic patients were higher (mean + SEM: 1357.0 + 214.7 vs 398.0 + 20.5, p<0.05) compared to control and they were also higher in FH and NFH subgroups compared to control (mean + SEM: 1395.8+313.3 vs 398.0+20.5, p<0.05 and 1322.8+300.7 respectively). A significant correlation was seen between serum total cholesterol with serum Hcys and plasma isoprostane (r=0.6, p<0.001 and r=0.5, p<0.001 respectively). Correlation was also noted between serum LDL-c with serum Hcys (r=0.6, p<0.001) and plasma 8-isoprostane (r=0.5, p<0.05 In summary, this study has demonstrated that there is an significant association between hypercholesterolaemia with serum hsCRP, Hcys and plasma 8-isoprostane levels.

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“…Recently, in two studies carried out in patients with NAFLD [60,61] , we found increased oxidative stress in vivo, by measuring urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α), which derives from the non-enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid [62] , and serum levels of soluble NOX2-derived peptide (sNOX2-dp), which is an indicator of NOX2 activation, a NADPH oxidase isoform involved in ROS generation [63,64] . In vivo measurement of 8-iso-PGF2α in urine is a validated and widely accepted reliable biomarker of oxidative stress in health and diseases [65] ; a recent study from our group demonstrated that 8-iso-PGF2α production is partly a result of activation of NOX2 [65] .…”

Section: Imtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative stress: New insights on the association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis

Polimeni

Ben

Baratta

et al. 2015

WJH

172

137

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents the most common and emerging chronic liver disease worldwide. It includes a wide spectrum of liver diseases ranging from simple fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which may progress to fibrosis and more severe liver complications such as cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver mortality. NAFLD is strongly associated with obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia, and is now regarded as the liver manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. The increased mortality of patients with NAFLD is primarily a result of cardiovascular disease and, to a lesser extent, to liver related diseases. Increased oxidative stress has been reported in both patients with NAFLD and patient with cardiovascular risk factors. Thus, oxidative stress represents a shared pathophysiological disorder between the two conditions. Several therapeutic strategies targeting oxidative stress reduction in patients with NAFLD have been proposed, with conflicting results. In particular, vitamin E supplementation has been suggested for the treatment of non-diabetic, non-cirrhotic adults with active NASH, although this recommendation is based only on the results of a single randomized controlled trial. Other antioxidant treatments suggested are resveratrol, silybin, L-carnitine and pentoxiphylline. No trial so far, has evaluated the cardiovascular effects of antioxidant treatment in patients with NAFLD. New, large-scale studies including as end-point also the assessment of the atherosclerosis markers are needed.

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The Isoprostanes: Unique Products of Arachidonic Acid Oxidation-A Review

Cited by 236 publications

References 112 publications

A prospective, randomized Phase II clinical trial to evaluate the effect of combined hyperbaric and normobaric hyperoxia on cerebral metabolism, intracranial pressure, oxygen toxicity, and clinical outcome in severe traumatic brain injury

A prospective, randomized Phase II clinical trial to evaluate the effect of combined hyperbaric and normobaric hyperoxia on cerebral metabolism, intracranial pressure, oxygen toxicity, and clinical outcome in severe traumatic brain injury

Evaluation of hsCRP, F2-Isoprostane and homocysteine levels in patients presenting with Primary Hypercholesterolemia in a tertiary referral teaching hospital

Oxidative stress: New insights on the association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis

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