The isomerization kinetics of lactose to lactulose in the presence of borate

Kozempel, Michael F.; Kurantz, Michael J.

doi:10.1002/jctb.280590105

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Additionally, the kinetics of lactulose formation in presence of borate and sodium hydroxide were determined and optimum reaction parameters were assessed to be pH 10.5e11.5, a temperature of 70e75 C and a molar ratio of lactose to boric acid of 1.0. Under these conditions the calculated Y lactu/lacto for the isomerization equilibrium was about 75%, which is lower than with the use of triethylamine as a catalyst (Kozempel & Kurantz, 1994a). Lactulose formation catalysed by borate and sodium hydroxide was compared with the performance of sodium aluminate, which acts as both alkalising and chelating agent (Zokaee et al, 2002).…”

Section: Complexing Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and physiological action of the disaccharide lactulose

Schuster-Wolff-Bühring

Fischer

Hinrichs

2010

International Dairy Journal

119

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Complexing Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and physiological action of the disaccharide lactulose

Schuster-Wolff-Bühring

Fischer

Hinrichs

2010

International Dairy Journal

119

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Subsequent methods for producing lactulose included complexing reagents, such as aluminate (Guth and Tumerman, 1970) and borate ions (Mendicino, 1960;Carubelli, 1966;Kozempel and Kurantz, 1994;Carobbi et al, 2001), to shift the transient equilibrium established during basecatalysed isomerization in favour of the ketose. The yield of lactulose was much improved, but both aluminates and borates were difficult to remove from the reaction mixture.…”

Section: Lactulosementioning

confidence: 99%

“…One example is the dual reactor tank system coupled to a tubular reactor described by Kozempel and Kurantz (1994). The yield of lactulose from lactose was 70% in this system.…”

Section: Lactulosementioning

confidence: 99%

Galacto-oligosaccharides and Other Products Derived from Lactose

Playne¹,

Crittenden

2009

Advanced Dairy Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lactose is the precursor for a number of compounds derived by chemical, physical or enzymatic conversion that have an established and expanding place in the health and food industries. These include lactulose and galactooligosaccharides both of which are manufactured in large tonnages worldwide. Lactitol and lactosucrose are produced commercially, but in much smaller amounts, while lactobionic acid is produced for limited industrial and medical applications and for research use. The only other lactose derivative of commercial interest is an isomer of galactose called tagatose in which there is an emerging interest as a sweetener.None of these compounds occur naturally in cow's milk except in trace amounts. Yet, lactose-derived oligosaccharides occur naturally in human milk at relatively high concentrations (5-12 g/L) and play a major role in directing the development of the intestinal microbiota of infants. One of the major and emerging uses of lactose derivatives has been to emulate the physiological effects of these natural oligosaccharides, and -galacto-oligosaccharides (GOSs) and lactulose in particular have found applications as prebiotics in functional foods and beverages. GOSs are also classified nowadays as dietary fibre. Prebiotic -galacto-oligosaccharides are also available commercially, but since they are produced typically from soybean, they are not discussed here. Lactulose is an important pharmaceutical used in the treatment of constipation ,Springer ScienceþBusiness Media, LLC 2009 121 BIFIDUS GROWTH FACTOR 2 Casein peptides (non-glycosylated) (after hydrolysis using a proteinase) BIFIDUS GROWTH FACTOR 3 Pantethine OLIGOSACCHARIDES Stachyose Fructo-oligosaccharides Galacto-oligosaccharides Iso-malto oligosaccharides Xylo oligosaccharides DI-AND TRI-SACCHARIDES Raffinose Lactulose Lactosucrose CELL-FREE EXTRACTS Propionibacterium freudenreichii LACTOFERRIN Fe, Cu and Zn complexes Galacto-oligosaccharides and Other Products Derived from Lactose 125

show abstract

“… 6) 7) In addition, various compounds can form a complex with the cis -diol moiety of a sugar, including boric acid, germanium dioxide, or sodium aluminate, and the formation of such complexes can promote the isomerization of lactose to lactulose. 19) 20) 21) However, the application of these compounds in food production is considered difficult from the viewpoint of safety. Thus, we herein investigate a novel lactulose continuous production system based on the use of the reaction promotor Ge-132 due to its documented safety and chemical stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Continuous Production of Lactulose Syrup by Alkaline Isomerization Using an Organogermanium Compound

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lactulose, a keto-type disaccharide widely used in pharmaceuticals and functional foods, is produced by the isomerization of lactose. The organogermanium compound poly-trans-[(2carboxyethyl) germasesquioxane] (Ge-132) is an effective reaction promoter for the conversion of lactose to lactulose because of its high affinity to ketoses. Herein, an effective method for the continuous production of lactulose syrup was developed using Ge-132 through the alkaline isomerization of lactose in a bench-scale plant. This plant carried out a continuous isomerization process using Ge-132, continuous two-step separation process for separating the sugar and Ge-132, a continuous purification and concentration processes for the lactulose syrup, and separation and purification processes for the recovery of Ge-132. In this bench-scale plant, lactulose-containing syrup (350 g/L lactulose, 92 g/L lactose, and 31 g/L galactose) was prepared. The syrup was produced at a rate of 37.7 mL/h, and the content of residual Ge-132 in the syrup was 2 mg/L. The separation process was a two-step separation system requiring an ordinary electrodialyzer and an electro deionizer, which allowed the separation of more than 99.6 % Ge-132 from the reaction mixture. Moreover, the majority of Ge-132 and sodium hydroxide were recovered through electrodialysis using a bipolar membrane. The proposed system is the first to represent the novel development of an effective continuous production system for lactulosecontaining syrup on the basis of the use of organogermanium compounds and incorporation of the electrodialysis technology.

show abstract

The isomerization kinetics of lactose to lactulose in the presence of borate

Cited by 23 publications

References 8 publications

Production and physiological action of the disaccharide lactulose

Production and physiological action of the disaccharide lactulose

Galacto-oligosaccharides and Other Products Derived from Lactose

Efficient Continuous Production of Lactulose Syrup by Alkaline Isomerization Using an Organogermanium Compound

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About