The isolation of lombricine and its possible biological precursor

Rosenberg, H.; Ennor, A. H.

doi:10.1042/bj0730521

Cited by 36 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Pure crystalline lombricine has been isolated from earthworms by means of ion exchange, column and paper chromatography Ennor, 1959, Pant, 1959). At the same time Rosenberg and Ennor (1959) found serine di-ethyl phosphate (SEP) in tissue extracts, and postulated for it the role of biological precursor to lombricine, since it is present in only small amounts and by non-enzymic guanylation gives rise to a product indistinguishable from natural lombricine. In the biological material the amidine group of lombricine may come originally from arginine by way of transamidination (Fig.…”

Section: Earthworm Muscles Hydrolysed In 6n Hcl For 8 Hours At 110°cmentioning

confidence: 99%

The physiology of earthworms

Laverack¹

1963

118

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1956; Watson, 1958), but there is at least one important diflference compared with vertebrate collagen : there is no periodicity of the fibrils at 640 A intervals in either L. terrestrts (Watson and Silvester, 1959), or A. longa (Reed and Rudall, 1948) (Fig. 5). The cuticle is highly proteinaceous in character, some 80% of the total being composed of protein whilst the remaining 20% is made up of polysaccharides, galactose, pentoses and hexosamines (Watson, 1958). Nitrogen accounts for 14-6% of the cuticle weight and at least 16 amino-acids are represented in the protein. The amino-acids of the cuticle of two species, L. terrestrts and A. longa are Hsted in Table 3 where they are compared with a typical vertebrate collagen, that of ox-hide (Watson and Smith, 1956; Watson, 1958; and Singleton, 1957). Amines with non-polar side chains e.g. glycine, are present in quantities similar to those in vertebrate collagen, but arginine, histidine, and lysine with basic side chains are less abundant than in vertebrate material, whilst aspartic acid, glutamic acid and serine (D-serine?) with acidic side chains are present in greater quantities than in the vertebrate counterpart. There is no trace of hydroxylysine in earthworm cuticle. The gizzard of L. terrestrts is lined with a cuticle. This can be removed and Rudall (1955) subjected this material to X-ray analysis, obtaining patterns similar to those of chaetae (see p. 15). Cuticle from this situation is not stable in hot dilute alkali, does not crystallize, and though chitin-like is not in the a-chitin form. The presence of a chitin would be shown by a fibrillar structure, but van Gansen (1959b, 1960) using similar material finds no evidence for the belief that the gizzard lining is fibrillar. Chemical tests with orcein, resorcin, van Gieson stain, benzidine and Gomori stain

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Section: Earthworm Muscles Hydrolysed In 6n Hcl For 8 Hours At 110°cmentioning

confidence: 99%

The physiology of earthworms

Laverack¹

1963

118

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“…chloroethylamine; 7. unidentified. 2-chloroethylamine, previously reported to be present in hydrolysates of compounds containing ethanolamine in ester linkage with phosphoric acid (Rosenberg & Ennor, 1959). Another spot (7, Fig.…”

Section: Experimental and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Until recently phospholipids were the only phosphate diesters of amino acids known to occur in animal tissues. The discovery of L-serine ethanolamine phosphate in reptilian muscle by Roberts & Lowe (1954) and of D-serine ethanolamine phosphate in the earthworm by Rosenberg & Ennor (1959) and Ennor, Rosenberg, Rossiter, Beatty & Gaffney (1960) extended the list of this type of diester. Other experiments (Rosenberg & Ennor, 1961) have suggested that D-serine ethanolamine phosphate is restricted to the terrestrial and freshwater oligochaetes and that the L-enantiomorph is found only in birds, fish, amphibians and reptiles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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l-Threonine ethanolamine phosphate: a compound newly isolated from fish

Rosenberg¹,

Ennor²,

Hagerman³

et al. 1962

Biochemical Journal

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“…Inversement, on trouve chez des animaux appartenant d des classes diffhrentes le m$me type de phosphaghe. Ainsi, les Oligochhtes renferment la phospholombricine (Thoai et Robin, 1954b; Rosenberg et Ennor, 1959; Rossiter, Gaffney, Rosenberg et Ennor, 1960), mais il en est de meme de certaines Polychhtes, dont 0. bicornis, et Yon trouve chez le Sipunculien Sipunculus nudus la phosphoarginine (Meyerhof, 1928), comme chez de nombreuses Polychhtes skdentaires.…”

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Sur La Biochimie Comparée Des Phosphagènes Et Leur Répartition Chez Les Animaux

Thoại

Roche

1964

Biological Reviews

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Résumé 1. La répartition des phosphagènes, dérivés phosphoriques labiles qui servent à la reconstitution de l'acide adénosinetriphosphorique dépensé au cours de la contraction musculaire, a été pendant longtemps reliée á la phylogénie. Les phosphagènes actuelle‐ment connus: phosphocréatine, phosphoarginine, phosphoglycocyamine, phospho‐taurocyamine, phosphohypotaurocyamine, phospholombricine, phosphoophéline, présentent, en fait, une répartition très inégale. Les deux premiers sont les plus répandus, la phosphocréatine chez les Vertébrés et plusieurs groupes d'Invertébrés, la phosphoarginine chez la majorité des Invertébrés. Les cinq autres phosphagènes ne se rencontrent que chez les Annélides et les Sipunculiens. 2. Si les sept phosphagènes offrent entre eux une grande parenté chimique, soit parce qu'ils dérivent les uns des autres, soit parce qu'ils présentent une grande similitude de structure, leur formation ne semble être liée ni avec l'habitat ni avec la phylogénie. L'étude de leur biogenèse et surtout des relations entre les différentes phosphoryltransférases constituent les nouvelles méthodes d'approche des problèmes posés par la diversité des phosphagènes. 3. Les Oursins camarodontes et plusieurs Annélides sont caractérisés par la présence de doubles phosphagènes. L'association la plus communément rencontrée est constituée par les deux phosphagènes principaux: phosphocréatine et phosphoarginine, soit entre eux, soit entre l'un de ceux‐ci avec l'un ou l'autre des phosphagènes secondaires, phosphoglycocyamine, phosphotaurocyamine. La signification bio‐logique des doubles phosphagènes est discuée. Summary 1. The distribution of phosphagens—labile phosphorus compounds which function in the regeneration of adenosine triphosphoric acid broken down in the course of muscular contraction—has for a long time been brought into relation with phylogeny. The seven phosphagens at present known show in point of fact an unequal distribution. Two of them are the most abundant: phosphocreatin in the vertebrates and several groups of invertebrates, phosphoarginine in the majority of the invertebrates. The five other phosphagens occur only in annelids and sipunculids. 2. While the various phosphagens are closely related chemically, either by being derived the one from the other or by having a closely similar structure, their occurrence does not seem to be related either to habitat or to phylogeny. The study of their biogenesis and especially of the relation between the different phosphoryltransferases constitute the new modes of approach to the problems presented by the diversity of the phosphagens. 3. The camarodont echinoids and several annelids are characterized by the presence of double phosphagens. The most usual association is that of the two principal phosphagens, phosphocreatin and phosphoarginin, either with one another, or one of them with one of the secondary phosphagens, phosphoglycocyamine and phospho‐taurocyamine. The biological significance of the double phosphagens is discussed.

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The isolation of lombricine and its possible biological precursor

Cited by 36 publications

References 8 publications

The physiology of earthworms

The physiology of earthworms

l-Threonine ethanolamine phosphate: a compound newly isolated from fish

Sur La Biochimie Comparée Des Phosphagènes Et Leur Répartition Chez Les Animaux

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