The isolation of hydrouracil from beef spleen

Funk, Casimir; Merritt, A.Jay; Ehrlich, Arthur

doi:10.1016/s0003-9861(52)80029-3

Cited by 17 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Another modification that was among the first found in total RNA was D in 1952 from beef spleen, though D had been synthesized previously (Funk, Merritt, & Ehrlich, 1952;Weidel & Roithner, 1896). D is a product of the posttranscriptional enzymatic reduction of the C5-C6 double bond in uridine to a single bond (Figures 1 and 2).…”

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confidence: 99%

Naturally occurring modified ribonucleosides

et al. 2020

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The chemical identity of RNA molecules beyond the four standard ribonucleosides has fascinated scientists since pseudouridine was characterized as the "fifth" ribonucleotide in 1951. Since then, the ever-increasing number and complexity of modified ribonucleosides have been found in viruses and throughout all three domains of life. Such modifications can be as simple as methylations, hydroxylations, or thiolations, complex as ring closures, glycosylations, acylations, or aminoacylations, or unusual as the incorporation of selenium. While initially found in transfer and ribosomal RNAs, modifications also exist in messenger RNAs and noncoding RNAs. Modifications have profound cellular outcomes at various levels, such as altering RNA structure or being essential for cell survival or organism viability. The aberrant presence or absence of RNA modifications can lead to human disease, ranging from cancer to various metabolic and developmental illnesses such as Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome, Bowen-Conradi syndrome, or Williams-Beuren syndrome. In this review article, we summarize the characterization of all 143 currently known modified ribonucleosides by describing their taxonomic distributions, the enzymes that generate the modifications, and any implications in cellular processes, RNA structure, and disease. We also highlight areas of active research, such as specific RNAs that contain a particular type of modification as well as methodologies used to identify novel RNA modifications.

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confidence: 99%

Naturally occurring modified ribonucleosides

et al. 2020

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“…Recent evidence has implicated the dihydropyrimidines as intermediates in the catabolism of certain pyrimidine bases. Funk et al (1952) reported the isolation of dihydrouracil from beef spleen, and DiCarlo et al (1952) suggested dihydrouracil as an intermediate in uracil catabolism by Torula utilis. Evidence for a reductive pathway of pyrimidine metabolism in rats has been presented by K. Fink and R. Ml.…”

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REDUCTIVE DEGRADATION OF PYRIMIDINES I. , Clostridium uracilicum Nov. spec

Campbell

1957

J Bacteriol

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Pyrimidine as Constituent of Natural Biologically Active Compounds

Lagoja

2005

C&B

465

178

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This review describes the various manifestations of the pyrimidine system (alkylated, glycosylated, benzo-annelated.). These comprise pyrimidine nucleosides as well as alkaloids and antibiotics--some of them have been discovered and isolated from natural sources already long time ago, others have been reported very recently. A short overview on pyrimidine syntheses (prebiotic synthesis, biosynthesis, and metabolism) is given. The biological activities of most of the pyrimidine analogs are briefly described, and, in some cases, syntheses are formulated.

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The isolation of hydrouracil from beef spleen

Cited by 17 publications

References 2 publications

Naturally occurring modified ribonucleosides

Naturally occurring modified ribonucleosides

REDUCTIVE DEGRADATION OF PYRIMIDINES I. , Clostridium uracilicum Nov. spec

Pyrimidine as Constituent of Natural Biologically Active Compounds

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