The isolation of an abscisic-acid metabolite, 4?-dihydrophaseic acid, from non-imbibed Phaseolus vulgaris seed

Walton, Daniel C.; Dorn, Brigitte; Fey, Julien

doi:10.1007/bf00386035

Cited by 36 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Our observation that dihydrophaseic acid and M-3 accumulate when either ABA or phaseic acid are fed to ash seed suggests that phaseic acid is a normal metabolite of ABA in this tissue as it appears to be in bean seed (12). These results differ from those reported for tomato shoots in which feeding of phaseic acid gave a distribution of metabolites qualitatively different from those obtained with ABA feeding (4).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

“…While these results are not necessarily indicative of endogenous metabolism, we do have evidence of extensive endogenous ABA metabolism in two tissues. In mature bean seeds, which rapidly metabolize exogenous ABA, the concentration of naturally occurring dihydrophaseic acid is 100 times that of ABA (12). We have also obtained evidence for extensive metabolism of endogenous ABA to phaseic acid and dihydrophaseic acid in water-stressed bean leaves (unpublished data).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

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The Metabolism of Hormones during Seed Germination and Dormancy

Sondheimer¹,

Galson²,

Tinelli³

et al. 1974

Plant Physiol.

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Embryos from dormant and stratified Fraxinus americana seed were incubated with (S)-2-"C-abscisic acid (ABA) under a variety of conditions. Both dormant and stratified embryos rapidly metabolize abscisic acid to phaseic acid, dihydrophaseic acid, and an unidentified polar metabolite apparently derived from dihydrophaseic acid. Although the stratified embryos may have an increased capacity to metabolize abscisic acid, our calculations suggest that such an increased capacity would probably not be physiologically significant. Dormant intact seeds also metabolize (S)-2-VC-abscisic acid during stratification at 5 C or incubation at 25 C. The metabolites appear to be similar to those observed in excised embryos although by 12 days of stratification a fourth metabolite is observed. More than 90% of the "C-abscisic acid was metabolized after 26 days of stratification at 5 C or after 12 days of incubation at 25 C. Stratification at 5 C leads to the breaking of dormancy while incubation at 25 C does not.The plant growth regulator ABA prevents germination when applied to embryos of Fraxinus ornus, a nondormant ash species, and to F. americana embryos from seeds whose dormancy has been overcome by stratification (5). The concentration of ABA in the seeds and pericarp of F. americana has been shown to decrease during the course of stratification to approximately that found in the nondormant F. ornus (6). These latter results suggested the possibility of ABA metabolism during the stratification process. While ABA has been shown to be metabolized rapidly in several other plants including tomato and bean (4, 11), its metabolism in dormant tissues has not been reported. We were interested in the extent to which ABA is metabolized by dormant seeds, the identity of the metabolites and in the possibility that the stratification process might result in an increased capacity for ABA metabolism. In order to answer these 'Eva Galson, Eugene Tinelli, and Daniel Walton dedicate this paper to the memory of our colleague and friend, Ernest Sondheimer. We shall sadly miss his companionship, creativity, and infectious enthusiasm for research.questions about ABA metabolism, dormant and stratified excised F. americana embryos and endosperm were incubated with 2-"`C-ABA. 2-w"C-ABA metabolism was also followed in intact seeds during a stratification period at 5 C sufficient to break dormancy, and during an incubation period at 25 C which does not result in the breaking of domancy. All of this work was done with the naturally occurring (S) enantiomer of ABA, and in some cases with the (R) enantiomer also. Relatively large scale incubations of embryos with (RS)-2-uC-ABA were also done in order to obtain sufficient quantities of metabolites for identification by chemical and spectral methods.MATERIALS AND METHODS Short Term Incubations. F. americana seeds (1971 crop from Herbst Bros., Brewster, N.Y.) were depericarped by hand and then imbibed in tap water for 24 hr. After the embryos were excised, they were shaken for 24 hr in 25-ml round b...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

The Metabolism of Hormones during Seed Germination and Dormancy

Sondheimer¹,

Galson²,

Tinelli³

et al. 1974

Plant Physiol.

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show abstract

“…The change in asymmetry to (-)-ABA had a dramatic effect on metabolism but not one of total inhibition. The effect of ABA asymmetry on hormonal activity is more difficult to establish and is currently disputed (11,17,19 (24). The presence of 6'-hydroxymethyl-ABA as an intermediate is supported by results obtained with the cell-free system.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The turnover of ABA to DPA appears to be a continuous process since DPA is present in both immature and mature seeds and its concentration far exceeds ABA in the mature seed. DPA also occurs endogenously in Echinocystis macrocarpa endosperm (2), and P. vulgaris leaves (5) and seeds (24), suggesting that metabolism plays a role in regulating the total level of ABA in these tissues as well as in E. lobata. We believe that the demonstration of a cell-free system is the first step in understanding the specific way in which ABA is metabolized.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The accumulation of DPA in bean seeds (24), as well as the continuous formation of PA and DPA in water-stressed leaves (5), indicates that this pathway has an active role in regulating total ABA concentration within the plant. The decreased activity of PA in bioassay systems for growth inhibition (9,22), abscission promotion (1,4), and stomatal closure (7) suggests that the DPA pathway has a role in regulating the hormonal activity of ABA.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Abscisic Acid Metabolism by a Cell-free Preparation from Echinocystis lobata Liquid Endoserum

Gillard

Walton²

1976

Plant Physiol.

105

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The in vivo feeding of 2-'4C-ABA to embryonic bean axes (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) has established PA2 and DPA as products in one ABA metabolic pathway (21,23). The accumulation of DPA in bean seeds (24), as well as the continuous formation of PA and DPA in water-stressed leaves (5), indicates that this pathway has an active role in regulating total ABA concentration within the plant. The decreased activity of PA in bioassay systems for growth inhibition (9, 22), abscission promotion (1, 4), and stomatal closure (7) suggests that the DPA pathway has a role in regulating the hormonal activity of ABA. The recent observation that PA inhibits photosynthesis, while ABA does not, indicates that the DPA pathway may also play a role in the activation of physiological activities (7). The actual role which the DPA pathway plays in regulating ABA levels requires the investigation of the enzymes involved. The goal of the present investigation was to establish a cell-free enzyme system capable of metabolizing ABA by the DPA pathway.

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Chemical Manipulation of Abscisic Acid Signaling: A New Approach to Abiotic and Biotic Stress Management in Agriculture

et al. 2020

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The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is the best‐known stress signaling molecule in plants. ABA protects sessile land plants from biotic and abiotic stresses. The conserved pyrabactin resistance/pyrabactin resistance‐like/regulatory component of ABA receptors (PYR/PYL/RCAR) perceives ABA and triggers a cascade of signaling events. A thorough knowledge of the sequential steps of ABA signaling will be necessary for the development of chemicals that control plant stress responses. The core components of the ABA signaling pathway have been identified with adequate characterization. The information available concerning ABA biosynthesis, transport, perception, and metabolism has enabled detailed functional studies on how the protective ability of ABA in plants might be modified to increase plant resistance to stress. Some of the significant contributions to chemical manipulation include ABA biosynthesis inhibitors, and ABA receptor agonists and antagonists. Chemical manipulation of key control points in ABA signaling is important for abiotic and biotic stress management in agriculture. However, a comprehensive review of the current knowledge of chemical manipulation of ABA signaling is lacking. Here, a thorough analysis of recent reports on small‐molecule modulation of ABA signaling is provided. The challenges and prospects in the chemical manipulation of ABA signaling for the development of ABA‐based agrochemicals are also discussed.

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The isolation of an abscisic-acid metabolite, 4?-dihydrophaseic acid, from non-imbibed Phaseolus vulgaris seed

Cited by 36 publications

References 9 publications

The Metabolism of Hormones during Seed Germination and Dormancy

The Metabolism of Hormones during Seed Germination and Dormancy

Abscisic Acid Metabolism by a Cell-free Preparation from Echinocystis lobata Liquid Endoserum

Chemical Manipulation of Abscisic Acid Signaling: A New Approach to Abiotic and Biotic Stress Management in Agriculture

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